Fodors - Fodors Germany. Full-color Travel Guide Series, Book 27

About the size of Montana but home to Western Europes largest population, Germany is in many ways a land of contradictions. The land of Dichter und Denker (poets and thinkers) is also one of the worlds leading export countries, specializing in mechanical equipment, vehicles, chemicals, and household goods. Its a country that is both deeply conservative, valuing tradition, hard work, precision, and fiscal responsibility, and one of the worlds most liberal countries, with a generous social welfare state, a strongly held commitment to environmentalism, and a postwar determination to combat xenophobia. But Germany, which reunited 22 years ago after 45 years of division, is also a country in transition. As the horrors of World War II, though not forgotten, recede, the country that is Europes most important economic powerhouse has once again taken a leading economic and political role in Europe, setting, for example, the EUs austerity-oriented policies in an attempt to counteract Europes current economic downturn.

During the Wirtschaftswunder, the postwar economic boom of the 1950s and 1960s, West Germany invited guest workers from Italy, Greece, and above all Turkey to help in the rebuilding of the country. Because the Germans assumed these guest workers would return home, they provided little in the way of cultural integration policies. But the guest workers, usually manual workers from the countryside with little formal education, often did not return to the economically depressed regions they had come from. Instead, they brought wives and family members to join them and settled in Germany, often forming parallel societies cut off from mainstream German life. Today, Germanys largest immigrant group is Turkish. In fact, Berlin is the largest Turkish city after Istanbul. Though these Turkish communities are now an indelible part of the German societyone blond-hair, blue-eyed German soldier deployed to Afghanistan famously said that the thing he missed most about home was the dner kebab, the ubiquitous Turkish-German fast-food dishthus far, the country has fumbled somewhat when it comes to successful integration. Efforts, however, are currently underway to redress the situation. Unlike the United States, Germany is historically a land of emigrants, not immigrants, but Germanys demographics are undergoing a radical shift: one in three children in Germany today is foreign-born or has a parent who is a foreign-born; in bigger cities, as many as two-thirds of school-age children dont speak German at home.

Germany, the worlds fourth-largest economy, was the worlds largest exporter until 2009, when China overtook it. The worldwide recession hit Germany squarely, though thanks to a strong social network, the unemployed and underemployed did not suffer on the level we are used to in the United States. In Germany, losing your job does not mean you lose your health insurance, and the unemployed receive financial help from the state to meet housing payments and other basic expenses. More recently, Germany has been a bastion of economic strength during the euro zone crisis, maintaining a solid economy while countries like Greece, Spain, and Portugal have entered into economic tailspins. By far the most important economy in the European Union, Germany, with its traditional, dont-spend-more-than-you-earn culture, has a strong voice in setting the EUs economic agenda and has traditionally acted as a kind of rich uncle that other countries turn to when they need an economic bailout. But Germanys push for austerity measures hasnt always been met with enthusiasm: on an official visit to Greece, Angela Merkel was met by protesters dressed in Nazi uniforms.

Germany has a well-deserved reputation as a land of engineers. The global leader in numerous high-tech fields, German companies are hugely successful on the worlds export markets, thanks to lots of innovation, sophisticated technology and quality manufacturing. German cars, machinery, and electrical and electronic equipment are all big sellers. But recent years have seen series of bloopers. Three major building projects in Germanythe Elbphilharmonie concert hall in Hamburg; Stuttgart 21, a new train station in Stuttgart; and the new airport in Berlinhave run way over budget and dragged on for years. Of the three, the airport is the most egregious: Originally planned to open in 2010, Berlin Brandenburg Airport has suffered delays due to poor construction planning, management, and execution (in 2012, the airport canceled its grand opening only days before flights were scheduled to begin). No one knows when it will open, and numerous politicians have expressed concern that failures like these will tarnish Germanys reputation as a country of can-do engineers.