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Catherine Mabongor - Lumasaaba Grammar

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Catherine Mabongor Lumasaaba Grammar

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Lumasaaba Grammar
Picture 1Thursday, 13 November 2014 07:49 | Picture 2Written by Catherine Mabongor | Picture 3 | Picture 4 | Picture 5
Learning Lugisu - Learning Lugisu
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Lumasaaba

Noun Classes

A noun is a person, place or thing. In Lumasaaba, nouns are categorized into classes. The term Noun Classes refers to a system of categorizing nouns based on patterns found within that group of nouns. There are six different noun classes in Lumasaaba. Each class of nouns begins with the same few letters, the plurals within a class are formed in the same way and these words function in the same way grammatically.

UMU/BA NOUN CLASS

For example, humans are classified in the umu/ba noun class. It is named thus because all of the nouns in this class (with a few exception) begin with umu- and are made plural by replacing umu- with ba-. Grammatically the demonstratives, possessives, adjectives and so on, used to refer to this noun class, all function the same way.

Vocabulary

Here are some examples of umu/ba nouns:

umundu/babandu

person/people

umuhasi/bahasi

woman/women

umusani/basani

man/men

umuhana/bahana

girl/girls

umusinde/basinde

boy/boys

umuyekera/bayekera

rebel/rebels

umusomesa/basomesa

teacher/teachers

umurambi/barambi

worker/workers

Note: a definite article is not necessary; umuhana means girl, a girl, the girl.

Demonstratives

Demonstratives are the words used to point to people or things (places is different but we will get to that later). Here are the demonstratives used in the umu/ba noun class:

Singular

Plural

yuno

this

bano

these

yo

that

abo

those


Example:

umuhana yuno

this girl

bahana bano

these girls

umuhana yo

that girl

bahana abo

those girls

Possessives

Possessives show ownership or belonging. A different word is used depending on whether the person belonging or the thing owned is one or more than one. Here are the possessives used in the umu/ba noun class.

singular

plural

my

waase

baase

your

wowo

bo

his/her

woyo

boyo

our

weffe

beffe

your (plural)

wenyuwe

benyuwe

their

wabwe

babwe

Example:

singular

plural

my

umuhana waase

my girl

bahana baase

my girls

your

umuhana wowo

your girl

bahana bo

your girls

his/her

umuhana woyo

his/her girl

bahana boyo

his/her girls

our

umuhana weffe

our girl

bahana beffe

our girls

your (plural)

umuhana wenyuwe

your girl

bahana benyuwe

your girls

their

umuhana wabwe

their girl

bahana babwe

their girls

Adjectives

An adjective describes a noun. An adjective must agree with the noun it describes. This is usually accomplished by adding the noun class prefix to the beginning of the adjective. Most adjectives are not self-standing and must have the noun class prefix in order to make sense. This is signified in the list below by placing a dash before the adjective root. There are some stand alone adjectives but they are usually preceded by a small word meaning with, of etc. that agrees with the noun class. Again, the prefix depends on whether the noun being described is one or more than one.

Here are some adjectives we can work with to provide examples:

-layi good

-bofu big/fat

-toro weak/lazy

-leyi tall

-lwaye sick (from the verb khulwala "to fall sick)

kamani strength (stand alone adjective but prefaced with uwe/bwe in this noun class)

bosi all (used only with plural noun)

Example:

singular

plural

-layi good

umuhana umulayi

good girl

bahana balayi

good girls

-bofu big

umuhana umubofu

big girl

bahana babofu

big girls

-toro weak

umuhana umutoro

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