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J. N. Hays - The Burdens of Disease: Epidemics and Human Response in Western History

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In this sweeping approach to the history of disease, historian J. N. Hays chronicles perceptions and responses to plague and pestilence over two thousand years of Western history. Hays frames disease as a multidimensional construct, situated at the intersection of history, politics, culture, and medicine, and rooted in mentalities and social relations as much as in biological conditions of pathology. He shows how diseases affect social and political change, reveal social tensions, and are mediated both within and outside the realm of scientific medicine. Beginning with the legacy of Greek, Roman, and early Christian ideas about disease, the book then discusses many of the dramatic epidemics from the fourteenth through the twentieth centuries, moving from leprosy and bubonic plague through syphilis, smallpox, cholera, tuberculosis, influenza, and poliomyelitis to AIDS. Hays examines the devastating exchange of diseases between cultures and continents that ensued during the age of exploration. He also describes disease through the lenses of medical theory, public health, folk traditions, and government response. The history of epidemics is also the history of their victims. Hays pays close attention to the relationships between poverty and power and disease, using contemporary case studies to support his argument that diseases concentrate their pathological effects on the poor, while elites associate the cause of disease with the culture and habits of the poor. J. N. Hays is a professor of history at Loyola University of Chicago. Hays has written a remarkable book. . . . It should be in every undergraduate library and be recommended reading, as a whole or in part, in a wide range of history of medicine courses.--Isis Required reading for any university-level course on the social history of medicine and, indeed, of medicine generally. . . . A masterly and reliable synthesis.--American Historical Review This is an impressive piece of work. . . . A fine and focused overview of a significant range of topics in the history of medicine.--M. Jeanne Peterson, Indiana University

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The Burdens of Disease
Epidemics and Human
Response in Western
History
J. N. Hays
Picture 1
Rutgers University Press
New Brunswick, New Jersey
and London

title:The Burdens of Disease : Epidemics and Human Response in Western History
author:Hays, J. N.
publisher:Rutgers University Press
isbn10 | asin:0813525276
print isbn13:9780813525273
ebook isbn13:9780585026633
language:English
subjectEpidemics--History.
publication date:1998
lcc:RA649.H29 1998eb
ddc:614.4/9
subject:Epidemics--History.
Page iv
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hays, J. N.
The burdens of disease: epidemics and human response in western
history / J. N. Hays.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8135-2527-6 (cloth: alk. paper).ISBN 0-8135-2528-4
(pbk.: alk. paper)
1. EpidemicsWestern HemisphereHistory. I. Title.
RA649.H29 1998
614.4"9-dc21Picture 2Picture 3Picture 497-39328
Picture 5Picture 6Picture 7Picture 8Picture 9CIP
British Cataloging-in-Publication data for this book is available from the
British Library
Copyright 1998 by J. N. Hays
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 100 Joyce Kilmer Avenue, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854. The only exception to this prohibition is "fair use" as defined by U.S. copyright law.
Composition by Colophon Typesetting
Manufactured in the United States of America
Page v
For Roz
Page vii
Contents
List of Tables
ix
Acknowlegments
xi
Introduction
1
One The Western Inheritance: Greek and Roman Ideas about Disease
8
Two Medieval Diseases and Responses
18
Three The Great Plague Pandemic
37
Four New Diseases and Transatlantic Exchanges
62
Five Continuity and Change: Magic, Religion. Medicine, and Science, 500-1700
78
Six Disease and the Enlightenment
106
Seven Cholera and Sanitation
135
Eight Tuberculosis and Poverty
154
Nine Disease, Medicine, and Western Imperialism
178
Ten The Scientific View of Disease and the Triumph of Professional Medicine
212
Eleven The Apparent End of Epidemics
240
Twelve Disease and Power
278
Notes
307
Suggestions for Further Reading
331
Index
345
Page ix
Tables
7.1
City Populations: 1800, 1850, 1880
142
7.2
Average Ages of Death in City and Country, England, 1842
145
8.1
Deaths at an Early Age, 1776-1849
158
8.2
Percentage Rates of Urban Growth, 1800-1910
164
11.1
Death Rates in Selected Countries: Nineteenth Century and c. 1914
243
11.2
Deaths per 100,000 Population, 1871-1960: Diarrheal and Digestive Diseases
253
11.3
Deaths per 100,000 Population, 1871-1960: Pneumonia, Bronchitis, Influenza
254
11.4
Deaths per 100,000 Population, 1871-1960: All Infections
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