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Joe C. B. Leung - China’s Social Welfare: The Third Turning Point

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Joe C. B. Leung China’s Social Welfare: The Third Turning Point
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The extraordinary rise of China is one of the greatest global stories of recent times. However, Chinas development has been described as uneven, uncoordinated, and unsustainable, and has now reached a critical turning point. To transform itself into a successful high-income economy, China urgently needs to develop a new welfare regime. Social policy and social welfare programmes are pivotal not only to meet mounting social needs but also to promote social cohesion.This timely book explores key turning points in Chinas trajectory, from the creation of a socialist egalitarian society promising a relatively stable livelihood at the expense of economic development, through the market-oriented reforms which have dismantled the traditional social protection system. The authors present the formidable social challenges ahead, including demographic shift, residential migration, and corrosive inequalities, and outline the emerging forms of social security protection in urban and rural areas, community-based social care services, non-governmental organizations and the social work profession. To redress inequalities and strengthen social cohesion, China needs to construct a robust developmental and redistributive strategy with shared responsibility between different levels of governments, as well as between civil society, the state and the market.This comprehensive and astute guide to one of Chinas key current challenges will be welcomed by students and scholars of social policy, welfare, sociology and political science, and all interested in contemporary China.

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China Today series
  1. Greg Austin, Cyber Policy in China
  2. David S. G. Goodman, Class in Contemporary China
  3. Stuart Harris, China's Foreign Policy
  4. Elaine Jeffreys with Haiqing Yu, Sex in China
  5. Michael Keane, Creative Industries in China
  6. Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu, China's Social Welfare
  7. Pitman B. Potter, China's Legal System
  8. Xuefei Ren, Urban China
  9. Judith Shapiro, China's Environmental Challenges
  10. Teresa Wright, Party and State in Post-Mao China
  11. LiAnne Yu, Consumption in China
  12. Xiaowei Zang, Ethnicity in China
Copyright Joe C B Leung and Yuebin Xu 2015 The right of Joe C B Leung and - photo 1

Copyright Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu 2015

The right of Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu to be identified as Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

First published in 2015 by Polity Press

Polity Press

65 Bridge Street

Cambridge CB2 1UR, UK

Polity Press

350 Main Street

Malden, MA 02148, USA

All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.

ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8056-9

ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8057-6 (pb)

ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-9047-6 (epub)

ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-9046-9 (mobi)

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Leung, Joe C. B.

China's social welfare : the third turning point / Joe C. B. Leung, Yuebin Xu.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7456-8056-9 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7456-8057-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Public welfareChina. 2. Public welfare administrationChina. I. Xu, Yuebin. II. Title.

HV418.L482 2015

361.951dc23

2014030422

The publisher has used its best endeavours to ensure that the URLs for external websites referred to in this book are correct and active at the time of going to press. However, the publisher has no responsibility for the websites and can make no guarantee that a site will remain live or that the content is or will remain appropriate.

Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.

For further information on Polity, visit our website: politybooks.com

List of Tables

Basic population information in the 2000 and 2010 censuses

China's Gini coefficient as compiled by the NBS

Annual urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income (in yuan)

Poverty line, numbers in poverty and headcount rate, 19782013

Funding and coverage of dibao, 19982013

thresholds and payments of dibao, 20062013

Coverage and funding of rural dibao, 20072013

Average assistance standard and actual payment of rural dibao (yuan per person per month)

Coverage and funding of the NCMS, 20052012

Provision of beds, number of residents and occupancy rates, 19902013

Chronology 18945 First Sino-Japanese War 1911 Fall of the Qing dynasty - photo 2
Chronology
18945First Sino-Japanese War
1911Fall of the Qing dynasty
1912Republic of China established under Sun Yat-sen
1927Split between Nationalists (KMT) and Communists (CCP); civil war begins
19345CCP under Mao Zedong evades KMT in Long March
December 1937Nanjing Massacre
193745Second Sino-Japanese War
19459Civil war between KMT and CCP resumes
October 1949KMT retreats to Taiwan; Mao founds People's Republic of China (PRC)
19503Korean War
1951Regulations on Labour Insurance
19537First Five-Year Plan; PRC adopts Soviet-style economic planning
1954First constitution of the PRC and first meeting of the National People's Congress
19567Hundred Flowers Movement, a brief period of open political debate
1957Anti-Rightist Movement
195860Great Leap Forward, an effort to transform China through rapid industrialization and collectivization
March 1959Tibetan Uprising in Lhasa; Dalai Lama flees to India
195961Three Hard Years, widespread famine with tens of millions of deaths
1960Sino-Soviet split
1962Sino-Indian War
October 1964First PRC atomic bomb detonation
196676Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; Mao reasserts power
February 1972President Richard Nixon visits China; Shanghai Communique pledges to normalize USChina relations
September 1976Death of Mao Zedong
October 1976Ultra-leftist Gang of Four arrested and sentenced
December 1978Deng Xiaoping assumes power; launches Four Modernizations and economic reforms
1978One-child family planning policy introduced
1979US and China establish formal diplomatic ties; Deng Xiaoping visits Washington
1979PRC invades Vietnam
1982Census reports PRC population at more than 1 billion
December 1984Margaret Thatcher co-signs Sino-British Joint Declaration agreeing to return Hong Kong to China in 1997
1986Bankruptcy Law
1989Tiananmen Square protests culminate in June 4 military crackdown
1992Deng Xiaoping's Southern Inspection Tour re-energizes economic reforms
19932002Jiang Zemin, new president of PRC, continues economic growth agenda
1994Regulations on the Work of Rural Five-Guarantees Households
1997Decisions on Establishing a Unified Basic Pension System for Enterprise Employees
1998Decisions on Establishing the Basic Medical Care Insurance System for Urban Employees
1999Regulations on Unemployment Insurance; Regulations on the Guarantee of the Minimum Living Standard System for Urban Residents
November 2001WTO accepts China as member
August 2002World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg; PRC ratifies 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
200212Hu Jintao General-Secretary of the CCP (and President of the PRC from 2003)
20023SARS outbreak concentrated in PRC and Hong Kong
2006PRC supplants US as largest CO2 emitter
2003Third Plenum of the 16th Party Congress endorsed the concept of Scientific Development
2003Proposal on Establishing New Cooperative Medical System
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