China Today series
- Greg Austin, Cyber Policy in China
- David S. G. Goodman, Class in Contemporary China
- Stuart Harris, China's Foreign Policy
- Elaine Jeffreys with Haiqing Yu, Sex in China
- Michael Keane, Creative Industries in China
- Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu, China's Social Welfare
- Pitman B. Potter, China's Legal System
- Xuefei Ren, Urban China
- Judith Shapiro, China's Environmental Challenges
- Teresa Wright, Party and State in Post-Mao China
- LiAnne Yu, Consumption in China
- Xiaowei Zang, Ethnicity in China
Copyright Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu 2015
The right of Joe C. B. Leung and Yuebin Xu to be identified as Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published in 2015 by Polity Press
Polity Press
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Malden, MA 02148, USA
All rights reserved. Except for the quotation of short passages for the purpose of criticism and review, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8056-9
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-8057-6 (pb)
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-9047-6 (epub)
ISBN-13: 978-0-7456-9046-9 (mobi)
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Leung, Joe C. B.
China's social welfare : the third turning point / Joe C. B. Leung, Yuebin Xu.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-7456-8056-9 (hardback : alk. paper) ISBN 978-0-7456-8057-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Public welfareChina. 2. Public welfare administrationChina. I. Xu, Yuebin. II. Title.
HV418.L482 2015
361.951dc23
2014030422
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Every effort has been made to trace all copyright holders, but if any have been inadvertently overlooked the publisher will be pleased to include any necessary credits in any subsequent reprint or edition.
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List of Tables
Basic population information in the 2000 and 2010 censuses
China's Gini coefficient as compiled by the NBS
Annual urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income (in yuan)
Poverty line, numbers in poverty and headcount rate, 19782013
Funding and coverage of dibao, 19982013
thresholds and payments of dibao, 20062013
Coverage and funding of rural dibao, 20072013
Average assistance standard and actual payment of rural dibao (yuan per person per month)
Coverage and funding of the NCMS, 20052012
Provision of beds, number of residents and occupancy rates, 19902013
Chronology
18945 | First Sino-Japanese War |
1911 | Fall of the Qing dynasty |
1912 | Republic of China established under Sun Yat-sen |
1927 | Split between Nationalists (KMT) and Communists (CCP); civil war begins |
19345 | CCP under Mao Zedong evades KMT in Long March |
December 1937 | Nanjing Massacre |
193745 | Second Sino-Japanese War |
19459 | Civil war between KMT and CCP resumes |
October 1949 | KMT retreats to Taiwan; Mao founds People's Republic of China (PRC) |
19503 | Korean War |
1951 | Regulations on Labour Insurance |
19537 | First Five-Year Plan; PRC adopts Soviet-style economic planning |
1954 | First constitution of the PRC and first meeting of the National People's Congress |
19567 | Hundred Flowers Movement, a brief period of open political debate |
1957 | Anti-Rightist Movement |
195860 | Great Leap Forward, an effort to transform China through rapid industrialization and collectivization |
March 1959 | Tibetan Uprising in Lhasa; Dalai Lama flees to India |
195961 | Three Hard Years, widespread famine with tens of millions of deaths |
1960 | Sino-Soviet split |
1962 | Sino-Indian War |
October 1964 | First PRC atomic bomb detonation |
196676 | Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; Mao reasserts power |
February 1972 | President Richard Nixon visits China; Shanghai Communique pledges to normalize USChina relations |
September 1976 | Death of Mao Zedong |
October 1976 | Ultra-leftist Gang of Four arrested and sentenced |
December 1978 | Deng Xiaoping assumes power; launches Four Modernizations and economic reforms |
1978 | One-child family planning policy introduced |
1979 | US and China establish formal diplomatic ties; Deng Xiaoping visits Washington |
1979 | PRC invades Vietnam |
1982 | Census reports PRC population at more than 1 billion |
December 1984 | Margaret Thatcher co-signs Sino-British Joint Declaration agreeing to return Hong Kong to China in 1997 |
1986 | Bankruptcy Law |
1989 | Tiananmen Square protests culminate in June 4 military crackdown |
1992 | Deng Xiaoping's Southern Inspection Tour re-energizes economic reforms |
19932002 | Jiang Zemin, new president of PRC, continues economic growth agenda |
1994 | Regulations on the Work of Rural Five-Guarantees Households |
1997 | Decisions on Establishing a Unified Basic Pension System for Enterprise Employees |
1998 | Decisions on Establishing the Basic Medical Care Insurance System for Urban Employees |
1999 | Regulations on Unemployment Insurance; Regulations on the Guarantee of the Minimum Living Standard System for Urban Residents |
November 2001 | WTO accepts China as member |
August 2002 | World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg; PRC ratifies 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
200212 | Hu Jintao General-Secretary of the CCP (and President of the PRC from 2003) |
20023 | SARS outbreak concentrated in PRC and Hong Kong |
2006 | PRC supplants US as largest CO2 emitter |
2003 | Third Plenum of the 16th Party Congress endorsed the concept of Scientific Development |
2003 | Proposal on Establishing New Cooperative Medical System |