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B. R. Ambedkar - Words of Freedom, Ideas of a Nation

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Published in 2010, to mark the 60th anniversary of the Indian Republic, Penguins series Words of Freedom Ideas of a Nation, showcases the speeches and writings of 14 visionaries who most influenced Indias fight for Independence.The series consists of 14 separate books, each dedicated to one visionary / freedom fighter: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sarojini Naidu, Vallabhbhai Patel, C. Rajagopalachari, Rabindranath Tagore, Aruna Asif Ali, B.R. Ambedkar, Bhagat Singh, E.V. Ramasami Periyar, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Rajendra Prasad, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Subhas Chandra Bose.

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What is the position of the Untouchables in this republic? They are not merely the last but are also the least. All Untouchables are inferior to all Touchables irrespective of age or qualification. A Touchable youth is above an aged Untouchable and an educated Untouchable must rank below an illiterate TouchableB.R. AMBEDKAR

A revered, conflicted and undeniably significant figure in the Indian imagination, Ambedkars ideas continue to infl uenceand have resonancein India today. In the three speeches and one essay featured in this book, we witness the eloquent conviction with which he thought and spoke about issues that were of deep concern to himthe position and protection of the Dalits in the about-to-be formed nation; the communal question and proportional representation in the constituent assembly and government services; and the achievement of freedom and the survival of democracy.

Bhimrao Ramji (Babasaheb) Ambedkar was a nationalist and political leader, and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. Born into the Mahar community which was considered untouchable, Ambedkar spent his whole life fighting against social discrimination, and advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits.

Cover illustration by Nitesh Mohanty

To celebrate the sixtieth anniversary of the Indian Republic, the Words of Freedom series showcases the landmark speeches and writings of fourteen visionary leaders whose thought animated the Indian struggle for Independence and whose revolutionary ideas and actions forged the Republic of India as we know it today.

Books in the series

B.R. Ambedkar

Aruna Asaf Ali

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

Subhas Chandra Bose

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Sarojini Naidu

Jawaharlal Nehru

Vallabhbhai Patel

Rajendra Prasad

C. Rajagopalachari

Periyar E.V. Ramasami

Bhagat Singh

Rabindranath Tagore

WORDS
OF
FREEDOM
IDEAS OF A NATION
B.R. AMBEDKAR

Words of Freedom Ideas of a Nation - image 1

PENGUIN BOOKS

Published by the Penguin Group

Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India

Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA

Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, M4P 2Y3, Canada (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.)

Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England

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Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, North Shore 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd)

Penguin Group (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa

Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England

First published by Penguin Books India 2010

Anthology copyright Penguin Books India 2010

All rights reserved

While every effort has been made to trace copyright holders and obtain permission, this has not been possible in all cases; any omissions brought to our attention will be remedied in future editions.

ISBN: 978-01-4306-897-6

This digital edition published in 2011.

e-ISBN: 978-81-8475-190-1

This e-book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, resold, hired out, or otherwise circulated without the publishers prior written consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser and without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the above-mentioned publisher of this e-book.

Contents

Introduction Bhimrao Ramji Babasaheb Ambedkar 14 April 18916 December 1956 - photo 2

Introduction

Bhimrao Ramji (Babasaheb) Ambedkar (14 April 18916 December 1956) was a nationalist and political leader; philosopher, historian and economist; and orator and prolific writer. He was also a jurist and the chief architect of the Indian Constitution. Born into the Mahar community which was considered untouchable, Ambedkar spent his whole life fighting against social discrimination, and advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits. Against great odds, he was one of the first Dalits to obtain a college education, and he earned multiple doctorates in law, economics and political science from Columbia University and the London School of Economics.

A revered, conflicted and undeniably significant figure in the Indian imagination, Ambedkars ideas continue to influence and have resonance in the India of today. In the three speeches and one essay featured in this book, we witness the eloquent conviction with which he thought and spoke about issues that were of deep concern to himthe position and protection of the Dalits in the about-to-be formed nation; the communal question and proportional representation in the constituent assembly and government services; and the achievement of freedom and the survival of democracy.

For a man torn between allegiance to people who have been oppressed relentlessly for centuries and allegiance to India, the very country that had abetted in the perpetuation of intolerance, Babasaheb Ambedkar admirably manages the ethically difficult and complex balancing act.

IF DEMOCRACY DIES, IT WILL BE OUR DOOM
ADDRESS BY DR AMBEDKAR AT THE ALL-INDIA DEPRESSED CLASSES CONFERENCE HELD AT NAGPUR

18 JULY 1942

Mr President, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Words of Freedom Ideas of a Nation - image 3 I MIGHT AS WELL TELL YOU HOW THE IDEA OF THE HOLDING OF THIS CONFERENCE ORIGINATED. As you will recall, I was called in April last to be present in Delhi to meet Sir Strafford Cripps, who had come to India as an agent of His Majestys Government with proposals for constitutional changes and who was charged with the duty of negotiating with the different political parties in India for the acceptance of those proposals. Before I went to Delhi I had invited representatives of the Scheduled Castes in different Provinces in India to meet me in Delhi for consultation. When I communicated to them the results of my talks with Sir Strafford Cripps we all felt that the proposals Sir Strafford Cripps had brought with him were a death-blow to the interests of the Scheduled Castes. I expressed my views on the Cripps proposals in a statement to the press which I hope you have all read. But it was felt that common and united action on the part of the Scheduled Castes from all over India was a great necessityand that it was only common action that could save us from the impending political doom. This Conference has been the result of the wish expressed by the Scheduled Castes all over India through their representatives who met at Delhi and has therefore the backing of Untouchable India as a whole. That is why we have here present among us representatives of the Scheduled Castes all over India.

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