Kelly E. Happe - Biocitizenship: The politics Of Bodies, Governance And Power

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Biocitizenship: The Politics of Bodies, Governance, and Power

Edited by Kelly E. Happe, Jenell Johnson, and Marina Levina

Edited byKelly E. Happe, Jenell Johnson, and Marina Levina

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

New York

NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS

New York

www.nyupress.org

2018 by New York University

All rights reserved

References to Internet websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor New York University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Happe, Kelly E., editor. | Johnson, Jenell M., 1978 editor. | Levina, Marina, 1975 editor.

Title: Biocitizenship : the politics of bodies, governance, and power / edited by Kelly E. Happe, Jenell Johnson and Marina Levina.

Description: New York : New York University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017045031| ISBN 978-1-4798-4519-4 (cl : alk. paper) | ISBN 978-1-4798-6053-1 (pb : alk. paper)

Subjects: LCSH : Biopolitics | Citizenship. | CitizenshipSocial aspects.

Classification: LCC JA80 .B498 2018 | DDC 323.601dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017045031

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Jenell Johnson, Kelly E. Happe, and Marina Levina

Steven Epstein

Sarah Burgess and Stuart J. Murray

Kelly E. Happe

Jeffrey A. Bennett

Karma R. Chvez

Carl Elliott and Emma Bedor Hiland

Nayan Shah

Merlin Chowkwanyun

Celia Roberts and Richard Tutton

10. Patient Activists: Experience with Public Engagement

Heather Aspell, Julie Cerrone, and Kirsten Schultz

Marina Levina

Oron Catts and Ionat Zurr

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Jenell Johnson, Kelly E. Happe, and Marina Levina

Citizenship has a long, complex relationship with the body. One need only consider the intersection of medicine and immigration policy, antisuffrage arguments regarding the physical and mental fitness of women and people of color, or policies based on eugenics to see how bodies become subject to political recognition and political regulationsome more than others. In recent years, however, a number of developments in biomedicine and biotechnology, as well as a number of political initiatives, grassroots efforts, and public policies have given rise to new ways in which bodies shapeand are shaped byideas of citizenship, what has become known as biological citizenship or, simply, biocitizenship.

Biocitizenship, according to sociologist Nikolas Rose in a foundational definition, comprises all those citizenship projects that have linked their conceptions of citizens to beliefs about the biological existence of human beings, as individuals, as men and women, as families and lineages, as communities, as populations and as species. This definition holds that the material body and its health, vitality, and natural and social environments not only create and discipline the citizen-subject but also provide the conditions necessary for its recognition and political agency within biopolitical modes of governance, broadly construed. Biocitizenship is thus a complex and generative concept that allows scholars to delve deeply into the intersections of bodies with issues of agency, politics, and resistance in a variety of contexts.

This edited collection expands the work of Rose and others in its three primary goals: to serve as the first multidisciplinary forum on biocitizenship, bringing together a variety of voices from different fields (including voices from outside the academy); to redefine biocitizenship as a broad mode of political action linked to health, bodies, and life, thus extending beyond the narrow confines of biomedicine and the privileged liberal subject often at its center; and to critically interrogate both the bio and the citizenship of biocitizenship. The chapters that follow examine the role of science, medicine, the state, and capital as means of enabling and restraining the exercise of biocitizenship in social, cultural, political, activist, aesthetic, and technical spheres. Importantly, one of the primary contributions of the volume is to expand the meaning of biocitizenship in response to ongoing scholarly conversations regarding the intersection of bodies and gender, disability, race, class, sexuality, nation, and the boundaries of humanhood.

Like any scholarly concept, the origins of biocitizenship are distributed, and depending on ones critical orientation and political commitments, the term can have substantially different meanings. In this introductory essay, we first outline a brief critical genealogy of biocitizenship and distill three primary meanings it has developed in the scholarly literature: as redress for collective bodily injury by the state; as a mode of biopolitical governance; and as a form of health advocacy and activism. We then turn to criticism of biocitizenship, which helps to sketch out the important relationships between biocitizenship and the state, biocitizenship and the market, biocitizenship and biomedicine, andparticularly salient in the contemporary momentthe combinations thereof.