Nancy Disher Baird - Luke Pryor Blackburn: Physician, Governor, Reformer

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The Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf
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LUKE PRYOR BLACKBURN
Portrait by M. Marschell.
Courtesy of Kentucky Historical Society

LUKE PRYOR
BLACKBURN

Physician, Governor, Reformer

NANCY DISHER BAIRD

Research for The Kentucky Bicentennial Bookshelf is assisted by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Views expressed in the Bookshelf do not necessarily represent those of the Endowment.

Copyright 1979 by The University Press of Kentucky
Paperback edition 2009

The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,
serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre
College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,
The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,
Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,
Morehead State University, Murray State University,
Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,
University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,
and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.

Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky
663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008
www.kentuckypress.com

Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress.

ISBN 978-0-8131-9320-5 (pbk: acid-free paper)

This book is printed on acid-free recycled paper meeting
the requirements of the American National Standard
for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.

Manufactured in the United States of America.

Member of the Association of American University Presses

Contents

To my parents

Preface

THE DIVERSE backgrounds of Kentuckys governors include careers in law, religion, agriculture, education, and the military. Only one governor, Luke Pryor Blackburn, has brought to the executive office knowledge in medicine and public health matters. During his medical career Blackburn won acclaim as the hero of numerous cholera and yellow fever epidemics but received condemnation for his attempt to practice germ warfare during the Civil War. Humane but politically unwise efforts to change Kentuckys penal system characterized his governorship. His determined crusade in behalf of the commonwealths convicts brought about the first major post-Civil War reforms in Kentucky, yet rendered him odious to professional politicians of the era. In 1972, eighty-five years after his death, the state officially recognized Blackburns contributions and paid tribute to the father of prison reforms in Kentucky. The Blackburn Correctional Complex, a 400-acre minimum-security prison near Lexington, is named for the commonwealths Good Samaritan governor.

To the Blackburn family belonged several interesting and prominent men, including the governors much younger brother, Joseph Clay Stiles Blackburn, a congressman from Kentucky for thirty-three years and later civilian governor of the Panama Canal Zone. This study, however, concentrates on Luke Blackburns public career, to the exclusion of Jo Blackburn and others, for the absence of the doctors private papers leaves unfortunate gaps in personal information about the physician and his relationships with members of his family.

Many persons aided in the collection of materials for this study, and the author wishes to express her appreciation to them: the librarians at the Bermuda Library in Hamilton, the Mississippi Department of Archives and History at Jackson, the Louisiana State Museum in New Orleans, the Kentucky Historical Society and the Kentucky State Archives in Frankfort, the Frances Carrick Thomas Library at Transylvania University, the Margaret I. King Library at the University of Kentucky, the Filson Club in Louisville, and the Kentucky Library at Western Kentucky University.

Special thanks are extended to the editors of the Filson Club History Quarterly, the Register of the Kentucky Historical Society, and Civil War Times, Illustrated for their permission to use large portions of the authors articles published by them; to Western Kentucky University for a faculty grant that covered some of the research expenses involved in the study; to Professors Lowell H. Harrison and Carol Crowe-Carraco, who read the manuscript and made suggestions for its improvement; to my husband Tom, who served as medical consultant; and to my father, who needled me to write a book about that character.

1

HEALTH OFFICER

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