Stacey M. Mitchell - Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi

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Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi

Rwanda and Burundi are strikingly similar countries that underwent democratization in the early 1990s. In both, resistance to democratic reforms led to coups dtat and presidential assassinations. A conundrum arises in terms of what transpires next. In Rwanda, total genocide was perpetrated by extremist Hutu actors, including government officials, upon the countrys Tutsi and politically moderate Hutu populations. In Burundi the coup dtat failed and instead ushered in a lengthy period of civil war. This divergence in outcome is puzzling given the similarity of these two countries, and it is not adequately explained by studies that address collective violence in each.

This book utilizes an integrative approach that facilitates the formation of an explanation that more fully accounts for variation in the type of collective violence that occurred in Rwanda and Burundi. Showing that political actors during periods of major institutional change do not all respond to or perceive reform in the exact same manner or in a necessarily rational manner, this book makes an important contribution to the literature on ethnic conflict, collective violence and democratization in Africa.

Stacey M. Mitchell is an Assistant Professor at Georgia State Universitys Perimeter College, U.S.

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Mauritanias Colonels

Political Leadership, Civil-Military Relations and Democratization

Boubacar NDiaye

The Rwenzururu Movement in Uganda

Struggling for Recognition

Martin Doornbos

South Sudan

Post-Independence Dilemmas

Edited by Amir Idris

Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi

Stacey M. Mitchell

Aid Relations and State Reforms in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Politics of Mutual Accommodation and Administrative Neglect

Stylianos Moshonas

Institutional Legacies, Decision Frames and Political Violence in Rwanda and Burundi

Stacey M. Mitchell

First published 2018

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2018 Stacey M. Mitchell

The right of Stacey M. Mitchell to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

A catalog record for this title has been requested

ISBN: 978-1-138-57943-9 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-0-429-50802-8 (ebk)

Typeset in Times New Roman

by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear

To Michael and Christopher, the loves of my life

And to Chris Allen for all of his guidance

Contents

Figures

Tables

Abbreviations

AI	Amnesty International
AMASASU	Alliance des Militaires Agacs par les Sculaires Actes Sournois des Unaristes
APROSOMA	Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse
ARD	Alliance pour le Renforcement de la Dmocratie
ARDHO	Association Rwandaise pour la Dfense des Droits de lHomme
BBTG	Broad-Based Transitional Government
BNA	Arme Nationale du Burundi
CDR	Coalition pour la Dfense de la Rpublique
CLADHO	Collectif des Ligues et Associations de Dfense des Droits de lHomme
CNARED	National Council for Restoration of the Arusha Agreement and Rule of Law
CND	Conseil National du Dveloppement
CNDD-FDD	Conseil National pour la Dfense de la Dmocratie-Forces pour la Dfense de la Dmocratie
CSB	Confdration Syndicale du Burundi
CSQ	current status quo
CVR	Commission de la Verit et Rconciliation
DRC	Democratic Republic of the Congo
EIU	Economic Intelligence Unit
FAB	Forces Armes Burundaises
FAO	Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
FAR	Forces Armes Rwandaise
FDLR	Forces Dmocratiques de Libration du Rwanda
FNL	Forces Nationales de Libration
FRODEBU	Front pour la Dmocratie au Burundi
FSQ	former status quo
HDI	Human Development Index
HR	high risk
HRW	Human Rights Watch
IMF	International Monetary Fund
ITEKA	Ligue Burundaise des Droits de lHomme
LR	low risk
MDR	Mouvement Dmocratie Rpublicain
MFBP	Mouvement des Femmes et du Bas-Peuple
MRND	Mouvement Rpublicain National pour la Dmocratie
MRNDD	Mouvement Rpublicain National pour la Dmocratie et le Dveloppement
NGO	non-governmental organization
NURC	National Unity and Reconciliation Commission
PARMEHUTU	Parti du Mouvement de lmancipation Hutu
PDC	Parti Dmocratique Chrtien
PECO	Parti des cologistes
PL	Parti Liberal
PSD	Parti Social Dmocratie
RNC	Rwandan National Congress
RPF	Front Patriotique Rwandais
RTLM	Radio-Tlvision Libre des Milles Collines
SAL	Structural Adjustment Loan
SAP	Structural Adjustment Program
THARS	Trauma Healing and Reconciliation Services
TNA	Transitional National Assembly
UNAMIR	United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda
UNAR	Union Nationale Rwandaise
UPRONA	Parti de lUnit et du Progrs National
UTB	Union des Travailleurs du Burundi

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