CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN VOLUNTARY ACTION
Patterns, trends and understandings
Rose Lindsey and John Mohan,
with Sarah Bulloch and Elizabeth Metcalfe
First published in Great Britain in 2018 by
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Contents
List of figures and tables
Figures
Tables
Foreword
Pete Alcock
This is the third volume to appear in the Third Sector Research Series. Previous contributions have focused primarily on the organisational base of the sector, and this will continue in planned books on the third sector in the devolved administrations of the UK, on the geography of the sector, and on attempts to build the infrastructure of the third sector to support organisational development.
In this book the emphasis shifts to action by individuals in many ways a defining feature of the third/voluntary sector. The extent, distribution, measurement and meanings of volunteering formed an important strand in the research of the Third Sector Research Centre (TSRC). These have also been issues of direct public concern, with great weight being attached, in particular during the UK Coalition government (201015), to trends in voluntary activity. Understanding volunteering is thus of central political, and academic, interest. The innovative approach embodied in this book mean that it will make a significant addition to the current body of literature on volunteering.
First, the authors have drawn on more than three decades of survey data. Despite variation in the approaches taken by these surveys, they demonstrate the long-term stability of volunteering rates. Second, recognising that there is considerable disagreement about how to define and measure voluntary action, the authors also examine contemporaneous qualitative evidence from individuals about the nature and meaning of their voluntary activities. This has been achieved through a long-term collaboration with the Mass Observation Archive, using qualitative material submitted by individuals in which they describe the nature and meaning of their voluntary activities, and discuss their attitudes to volunteering.
The result of this research is a rich mixed-methods study which offers important lessons, both positive and negative, about the nature of voluntary action. The quantitative research reveals that those seeking to raise levels of voluntary action should be more cautious in their claims regarding the extent to which it is possible to do so. The overall message here is that there has been stability in voluntary engagement, albeit with short-term fluctuations largely related to economic circumstances. The good news is that volunteering rates have not declined; the bad news is that despite generally rising prosperity, and increased levels of participation in higher education, neither have they risen.
The qualitative material presented here provides fascinating insights into the place of voluntary action in people's lives, and into their attitudes to voluntary engagement. Individuals have been tracked over time, using Mass Observation Project data, allowing the researchers to explore how writers' voluntary commitments originate from, and fit around, their other activities and relationships - such as home, church or workplace. It has also permitted the authors to develop a significant understanding of attitudes to voluntary action although again there are cautionary notes here. Those who write for Mass Observation are active citizens by any definition, but they react adversely to unreflective calls for more volunteering, feel that their previous commitments have been taken for granted by governments, and are very cynical about being asked to do more, especially in a context of austerity.
This book provides a fascinating portrait of the enormous range of voluntary activities undertaken by individuals, revealing how their activities cannot be corralled into neat divisions between formal and informal volunteering. It also provides an evidence-based account of why some of the great expectations of voluntary initiative are unlikely to be realised without a fuller understanding of the place of volunteering in people's everyday lives.
Pete Alcock, Emeritus Professor of Social Policy and Administration and former Director of the Third Sector Research Centre, University of Birmingham
Acknowledgements
This book would not have been possible without the enormous contributions of two groups of people, to whom we are greatly indebted. The first is the volunteer writers who respond, several times a year, to the directives issued by Mass Observation. The material they generate is a never-ending source of insights into life in contemporary Britain. It provides extraordinarily rich material for a study such as ours, greatly enhancing the picture of voluntary action from more conventional social research sources such as surveys. We are not sure what the Mass Observers would have made of this book but we dedicate it to them with gratitude for their efforts.
Second, this material is curated through the heroic efforts of the Mass Observation project staff at the The Keep, Brighton. Since 1981, the project has accumulated responses from several thousand individual volunteer writers and has meticulously catalogued them so that they can be used as a research resource. We are particularly grateful for all the support, over a number of years, of Jessica Scantlebury and Kirsty Pattrick, for what has become a long-standing collaboration sparked off by discussions at the Mass Observation 75th anniversary conference in 2012.
The project on which this book draws originated in joint work by Rose and John with Sarah Bulloch (TSRC, Southampton) and Ros Edwards (Sociology and Social Policy, Southampton) resulting in a successful bid for ESRC support which provided the resources to employ Liz Metcalfe as researcher on the project. Sarah and Ros contributed to the early development of the project, and co-authored methodological papers which are reflected in part of . Liz conducted extensive quantitative analyses which are reflected in Chapters Four and Seven. We are very happy to acknowledge these contributions to the project and to credit Sarah and Liz with co-authorship of the chapters referred to.