CRISIS AND TERROR IN THE HORN OF AFRICA
We dedicate this book to Tiseme, Ammanuel, Miriam, Daniela, Patricia, Tommie, Mesale and Megnot. We also dedicate the work to the people of the Horn of Africa and hope they live to experience a free and peaceful world.
Crisis and Terror in the Horn of Africa
Autopsy of democracy, human rights and freedom
Pietro Toggia
Kutztown University
Pat Lauderdale
Arizona State University
Abebe Zegeye
University of South Africa
First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright Pietro Toggia, Pat Lauderdale and Abebe Zegeye 2000
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Crisis and terror in the Horn ofAfrica: autopsy of
democracy, human rights, and freedom. - (Law, social change
and development)
1. Human rights - Africa, Northeast 2. Africa, Northeast
Politics and government
I. Toggia, Pietro II. Lauderdale, Pat III. Zegeye, Abebe
323'.0963
Library of Congress Control Number: 00-135307
ISBN 13: 978-0-7546-2135-5 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-138-26400-7 (pbk)
Contents
Korwa G. Adar is senior lecturer in the International Studies Unit of the Department of Politics at Rhodes University, South Africa. He was the recipient of a Fulbright Research Grant for Senior African Scholars, and currently is completing a book entitled Global Commons and National Interest: African States in the Law of the Sea Regime.
Randall Amster, J.D. (Brooklyn Law School, 1991) is a faculty associate and doctoral candidate in the School of Justice Studies at Arizona State University. Ongoing research and activist projects presently focus on the ways in which economic development impacts the vitality of public spaces, how certain elements deemed undesirable are excluded from those spaces, and the nascent forces of resistance against these patterns of exclusion. Recent publications include Lives in the Balance: Perspectives on Global Injustice and Inequality (co-editor, with Pat Lauderdale), and articles appearing in Anarchist Studies, the Humboldt Journal of Social Relations, and the International Journal of Comparative Sociology.
Mesfin Araya teaches at York College, The City University of New York and is coordinator of York's African-American Studies and Research Center. He has taught African politics for many years and has published several articles on the Horn of Africa.
Asafa Jalata is currently an associate professor of sociology and African-American studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He is the author of Orotnia and Ethiopia: State Formation and Ethnonational Conflict, 1868-1992, and the editor of Oromo Nationalism and the Ethiopian Discourse: The Search for Freedom and Democracy. His articles have been published in The African Studies Review, Horn of Africa, Dialectical Anthropology, The Journal of Political and Military Sociology, Social Justice, and The Journal of Oromo Studies. Professor Jalata was the president of the Oromo Studies Association and editor of The Journal of Oromo Studies.
Pat Lauderdale is a professor of justice studies and director of the School of Justice Studies, Law and Social Sciences Ph.D./J.D. program at Arizona State University. His recent work includes Lives in the Balance (co-edited with Randall Amster); comparative articles on indigenous jurisprudence, global economic dependency and political trials; and a forthcoming revision of Law and Society with James Inverarity.
Julia Maxted is a research specialist at the Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa and is currently engaged in research on economic change and desegregation in South African cities. Her publications include a co-edited volume Exploitation and Exclusion: Race and Class in Contemporary U.S. Society and contributions with Abebe Zegeye to the World Directory of Minorities and Lives in the Balance: Perspectives on Global Justice and Inequality (Lauderdale and Amster, eds.). Forthcoming books include Etched in Black (with Gerard Pigeon) and Coming Up the Rough Side of the Mountain: Black Los Angeles, 1850 to the Present. She is a book review editor for Social Identities and on the advisory board of the Journal of Developing Societies.
Annamarie Oliverio is director of the Social Research Institute of Arizona. Her research agenda is in the area of law and social sciences, including the state and terrorism, the production of hegemony, and the therapeutic state. She has published numerous articles in these areas as well as her recent book entitled The State of Terror (SUNY Press, 1998).
John Sorenson is an associate professor in the Department of Sociology at Brock University. He is the author of Imagining Ethiopia: Struggles for History and Identity in the Horn of Africa , editor of Disaster and Development in the Horn of Africa, and co-editor of African Refugees. He is currently working on a study of memory and identity among diaspora communities from Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Pietro Toggia is an assistant professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Social Work at Kutztown University in Kutztown, Pennsylvania. His academic interests are in comparative criminal justice systems, genocide, and state crisis in sub-Saharan Africa.
Theodore M. Vestal is a professor of political science at Oklahoma State University. He first went to Ethiopia in 1964 as a Peace Corps executive and has maintained a scholarly interest in that nation and its people ever since. Professor Vestal attended the Yale Law School and received his Ph.D. from Stanford University.
Abebe Zegeye is currently a professor of sociology at the University of South Africa. He has written extensively on society, human rights, and the environment in Africa. One of his recent publications is Ethiopia in Change: Peasantry, Nationalism and Democracy. He is co-editor of Social Identities: Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture.
Editing a book such as this one is a tireless task. Mary Fran Draisker did much of the earlier work under the most difficult circumstances. We appreciate greatly her sensitive eye for questions of continuity and style. Janet Soper showed her typical patience and ability to transcend bureaucratic and technological hurdles, and we remain very impressed by her talents as the leader of the Publication Assistance Center of the College of Public Programs at ASU. We are glad that she has expanded her roots from the heartland of the United States. She truly represents grace and compassion.
We also are thankful to scholars who read parts of the manuscript in one or another stage of preparation. The following people have read drafts of the manuscript and have offered very helpful advice: Randall Amster, Jody Lameman, Bin Liang, Cheryl Munoz, and Annamarie Oliverio. Luis Fernandez helped correct many of the discrepancies throughout the chapters and we appreciate his kind approach to collective work.