The Duty of Care in International Relations
This book offers a first overarching look at the relationship between states and their citizens abroad, approached through the concept of Duty of Care.
How can society best be protected, when increasing numbers of citizens are found outside the borders of the state? What are the limits to care in theory as well as in practical policy? With over 1.2 billion tourists crossing borders every year and more than 230 million expatriates, questions over the sort of duty of care states have for citizens abroad are politically pressing. Contributors to this volume explore both theoretical topics and empirical case studies, examining issues such as how to care for citizens who become embroiled in political or humanitarian crises while travelling, and exploring what rights and duties states should acknowledge toward nationals who have opted to take up arms for terrorist organizations.
This work will be of great interest to scholars in a wide range of academic fields including international relations, international security, citizenship, ethics and migration.
Nina Grger is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) and was Adjunct Professor II in International Relations at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences from 2013 to 2017. Grger has published extensively on security, defence, international organisations, Nordic and Norwegian foreign policy and practice theory. Her work has appeared in Security Dialogue, Journal of Peace Research, Cooperation and Conflict, Cambridge Review of International Affairs, Journal of European Integration, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, Global Change, Peace & Security and Global Affairs. She is the author of Norwegian Defence Policy. Territorial Defence and International Operations 19902015 (2016, in Norwegian) and co-editor of EU-NATO Relations: Running on the Fumes of Informed Deconfliction (Routledge, 2019).
Halvard Leira is Senior Research Fellow at the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI). He has published extensively in English and Norwegian on international political thought, historiography, foreign policy and diplomacy. His work has appeared in International Studies Quarterly, Review of International Studies, Millennium, Leiden Journal of International Law, International Studies Perspectives, The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, Global Society and Cooperation and Conflict. Leira is co-editor of the collections International Diplomacy (2013) and History of International Relations (2015) and the forthcoming Routledge Handbook of Historical International Relations.
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For information about the series: https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Advances-in-International-Relations-and-Global-Politics/book-series/IRGP
First published 2020
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2020 selection and editorial matter, Nina Grger and Halvard Leira; individual chapters, the contributors
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ISBN: 978-1-138-54589-2 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-351-00168-7 (ebk)
Intellectually, this volume springs from our long-standing interest in how states deal with their citizens beyond the border, with military deployments to international operations (Grger) and with consular affairs (Leira). For around 15 years, we have in different ways been exploring the relationship between states and citizens abroad; focusing on rights, duties and obligations. Norway, where we live and do our research, is a country with a travelling population, a trend that has intensified with globalisation and the subsequent increased flows of people across borders. But even though the fate of Norwegians abroad features frequently and prominently in national discourse, little sustained research has been conducted on the topic. The same goes for other countries with a few exceptions; citizens beyond the border are discussed unsystematically and in disparate literatures. This volume is an attempt at thinking more systematically about the topic through the analytical concept of the Duty of Care. To that end, we gathered a number of outstanding researchers to present different takes on the duties of states toward their citizens in international relations. We believe that this volume contributes to expanding our understanding on the topic at hand; the social contract and relationship between states and citizens, as well as other actors in the chain of care, and in so doing also to International Relations (IR) scholarship within the fields of diplomacy, security, citizenship and migration.
Organisationally, the volume springs from a larger collaborative research effort. In 2014, The Research Council of Norway (RCN) called for applications on the topic of societal security (under the SAMRISK II programme). We suggested that while securing infrastructure and building resilience against threats from abroad and at home are indeed important themes, there should also be a focus on the part of society residing permanently or intermittently abroad. For Norway, this number amounts to around 5% of citizens at any one time, and for many other countries the numbers are much higher. The RCN agreed that this was indeed a topic worth exploring and awarded funding for the project
