Alliance Decision-Making in the South China Sea
Examining five states engaged in territorial disputes with China in the South China Sea, this book explores what factors have influenced state decisions to form security relationships with the United States and how the evolution of these factors might affect future security relationships in the South China Sea.
Chinas territorial claims are contested by Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Brunei and Indonesia, with the United States viewed as the most likely counterbalance to coercive behavior towards them. However, only one of these five states the Philippines has maintained a guarantee of protection through alliance with the United States. Using research on U.S. policy preferences based on recently declassified material, this book produces conclusions previously inaccessible beyond classified forums. The author surveys recent alliance theory developments to examine relationships between claimant states and the United States, explores historical bilateral relations and considers the future of regional security relationships.
This book contributes to the fields of security studies, foreign policy and international relations and expands beyond traditional concepts of defense alliances to explore security cooperation along a spectrum from allied to aligned to non-aligned.
Joseph A. Gagliano is a specialist in national security policy and politico-military strategy. In a career of public service, he has held numerous U.S. national security positions in policymaking, strategic planning and academic research. His most recent positions include the National Security Councils Director for Defense Policy and Strategy at the White House and the Joint Staffs politico-military strategist for South China Sea policy at the Pentagon. Dr. Gagliano authored Congressional Policymaking in Sino-U.S. Relations during the Post-Cold War Era (Routledge, 2014) and Shiphandling Fundamentals for the Littoral Combat Ship and New Frigates (Naval Institute Press, 2015). He holds a PhD and MALD in International Relations from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, as well as an MA in National Security and Strategic Studies from the U.S. Naval War College. Dr. Gagliano has been awarded visiting fellowships at Oxford University (St. Antonys College and Pembroke College) and the First Sea Lords Staff at the UK Ministry of Defence.
Routledge Studies in US Foreign Policy
Edited by Inderjeet Parmar, City University, and John Dumbrell, University of Durham
This new series sets out to publish high-quality works by leading and emerging scholars critically engaging with United States Foreign Policy. The series welcomes a variety of approaches to the subject and draws on scholarship from international relations, security studies, international political economy, foreign policy analysis and contemporary international history.
Subjects covered include the role of administrations and institutions, the media, think tanks, ideologues and intellectuals, elites, transnational corporations, public opinion, and pressure groups in shaping foreign policy, US relations with individual nations, with global regions and global institutions and Americas evolving strategic and military policies.
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Ideologies of American Foreign Policy
John Callaghan, Brendon OConnor and Mark Phythian
Alliance Decision-Making in the South China Sea
Between Allied and Alone
Joseph A. Gagliano
Foreign Policy Issues for America
The Trump Years
Edited by Richard W. Mansbach and James M. McCormick
Anti-Americanism and American Exceptionalism
Prejudice and Pride about the USA
Brendon OConnor
First published 2019
by Routledge
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2019 Joseph A. Gagliano
The right of Joseph A. Gagliano to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gagliano, Joseph A., 1974- author.
Title: Alliance decision-making in the South China Sea : between allied and alone / Joseph A. Gagliano.
Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in US foreign policy | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018054208 (print) | LCCN 2019002118 (ebook) | ISBN 9781351183987 (E-book) | ISBN 9780815395386 (hbk) | ISBN 9781351183987 (ebk)
Subjects: LCSH: South China Sea--Strategic aspects. | Security, International--South China Sea Region. | National security--Southeast Asia. | Southeast Asia--Military relations--United States. | United States--Military relations--South China Sea Region.
Classification: LCC UA832.8 (ebook) | LCC UA832.8 .G34 2019 (print) | DDC 355/.03109590973--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018054208
ISBN: 9780815395386 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781351183987 (ebk)
For Stephanie
I am deeply indebted to many individuals for their assistance in researching and writing this book. While they likely did not know the importance of their help along the way, this study reflects their generosity of time and effort.
I completed the research and first draft of this book as a visiting research fellow at Oxford University. I am grateful to the St. Antonys College and Pembroke College staffs for their administrative support and assistance accessing their renowned research facilities. In addition, I would like to thank Professor Rosemary Foot, who provided helpful guidance and friendship, and Dr. Robert Johnson, who arranged a concurrent fellowship with the Changing Character of War Programme, providing an engaging venue to present my work to other research fellows while in the early stages of development. Of course, this opportunity at Oxford University would not have been possible without the support of the U.S. Navy and its investment in individual academic growth.
I also would like to thank Dr. Geoffrey Gresh, Associate Professor and Chair of the International Security Studies Department at the National Defense University. Geoffrey was supportive throughout the publishing process and provided critical assistance during the final stage of writing. For someone who is engaged deeply in contemporary academic matters, I am amazed at his willingness to provide help and advice, taking time from his own busy schedule of teaching, writing and editing. I also would like to thank the friends and colleagues who, unwittingly perhaps, served as a sounding board for various concepts under development for this study, including: Dr. Randy Papadopolous, Dr. Aaron OConnell, Jennifer Hay, Suzanne McGuire, and Tom Williams. And, many thanks to the Routledge team, whose dedication to high quality academic work is apparent in everything they do. Their blind review process prevents me from thanking the peer reviewers personally, but this monograph improved markedly due to their helpful and candid comments.