Terrorism, Talking and
Transformation
Using rare field research, this book investigates whether and how talking may transform terrorist violence.
Given the failings of today's dominant counterterrorism strategy, is talking a viable policy option to transform conflicts marked by terrorist violence? This book examines the reasons why negotiating with terrorists is so often shunned by decision-makers and scholars as a policy response, concluding that such objections are primarily based on a realist and statist understanding of terrorism that has dominated the field so far.
Based on interviews with top rebel and military commanders in the southern Philippine region of Mindanao and interviewing key actors in Northern Ireland, Terrorism, Talking and Transformation investigates how talking may contribute to the transformation of conflicts marked by terrorist violence. The result of this analysis is a theoretically grounded, empirically recognizable, and emancipation-oriented framework that may be used to investigate the potential of talking in transforming not only terrorist (and counterterrorist) violence, but also the underlying structural violence that often surrounds it.
This book will be of much interest to students in the fields of terrorism studies, security studies, Southeast Asian studies, conflict resolution/transformation and international relations in general, and of use to practitioners in the field.
Harmonie Toros is lecturer in International Conflict Analysis at the University of Kent. After covering international security and terrorism as a reporter for major international news agencies for nearly ten years, she returned to academia to complete a PhD at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth.
Series: Critical Terrorism Studies
Series Editors: Richard Jackson, Marie Breen Smyth and
Jeroen Gunning
University of Wales, Aberystwyth, UK
This book series will publish rigorous and innovative studies on all aspects of terrorism, counterterrorism and state terror. It seeks to advance a new generation of thinking on traditional subjects and investigate topics frequently overlooked in orthodox accounts of terrorism. Books in this series will typically adopt approaches informed by critical-normative theory, post-positivist methodologies and non-Western perspectives, as well as rigorous and reflective orthodox terrorism studies.
Terrorism and the Politics of Response
Edited by Angharad Closs Stephens and Nick Vaughan-Williams
Critical Terrorism Studies
Framing a New Research Agenda
Edited by Richard Jackson, Marie Breen Smyth and Jeroen Gunning
State Terrorism and Neoliberalism
The North in the South
Ruth Blakeley
Contemporary State Terrorism
Theory and Practice
Edited by Richard Jackson, Eamon Murphy and Scott Poynting
State Violence and Genocide in Latin America
The Cold War Years
Edited by Marcia Esparza, Henry R. Huttenbach and Daniel Feierstein
Discourses and Practices of Terrorism
Interrogating Terror
Edited by Bob Brecher, Mark Devenney and Aaron Winter
An Intellectual History of Terror
War, Violence and the State
Mikkel Thorup
Women Suicide Bombers
Narratives of Violence
V.G. Julie Rajan
Terrorism, Talking and Transformation
A Critical Approach
Harmonie Toros
Terrorism, Talking and
Transformation
A critical approach
Harmonie Toros
First published 2012
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2012 Harmonie Toros
The right of Harmonie Toros to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Toros, Harmonie, 1974
Terrorism, talking, and transformation : a critical approach / Harmonie Toros.
p. cm. (Critical terrorism studies)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. TerrorismPreventionCase studies. I. Title.
HV6431.T663 2012
363.32517dc23
2011040230
ISBN: 978-0-415-68392-0 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-12350-8 (ebk)
Typeset in Baskerville
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear
To those who taught me
Be not too hard for life is short
And nothing is given to man
Christopher Logue
Contents
PART I
Building a critical approach
PART II
Case studies
Acknowledgments
This project began as an essay on the possibility of negotiations in contexts of terrorism during my MA in conflict resolution at the University of Bradford. Tom Woodhouse and Paul Rogers guided me through that assignment and the dissertation that followed. It turned into a PhD project at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth, where Jeroen Gunning and Nicholas J. Wheeler, my thesis supervisors, encouraged me and yet pushed me to think harder and further about the issues at stake. Upon completion, my PhD examiners, Oliver Ramsbotham and Marie Breen Smyth, offered incisive and constructive criticism, giving me a head start in strengthening it both theoretically and empirically to produce this monograph. I am extremely grateful for all the support and invaluable advice along the way.
I am also very grateful to series editor Richard Jackson who has helped me in innumerable ways over the years, and I wish to thank Andrew Humphrys and Annabelle Harris of Routledge for supporting this project and keeping me on track.
I wish to thank Christopher Logue and David Godwin Associates for the permission to reprint two lines from September Song (by Christopher Logue, copyright Christopher Logue, 1966).
The fieldwork in Ireland and the Philippines benefitted greatly from the assistance of many friends and research participants. For my time in Northern Ireland, I wish to thank Noel Large and the staff of InterAction Belfast for their kindness and openness in allowing me to observe their meetings and residential weekend. I also wish to thank Ann Dullaghan for her warmth and hospitality. My research in Mindanao would have been impossible without the guidance of Irene Morada Santiago, who opened the doors of government and of the MILF rebel leadership as well as hosting me in her home for several weeks. Ret. Brig. Gen. Edgardo Gurrea and his wife Rose ensured that I was safe (and very well fed) throughout my trip to Cotabato, going out of their way to help me reach my interviewees. I am extremely grateful to them. I extend my thanks to all interviewees who gave me their time and entrusted me with their stories.