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Text originally published in 1954 under the same title.
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THE TECHNIQUES OF COMMUNISM
BY
LOUIS F. BUDENZ
INTRODUCTION
MOST AMERICANS have not been equipped with the technical understanding necessary to deal with Soviet Communism, the greatest challenge to our time. The skill we applied to science, production, and engineering we have not used in the handling of the Communist problem.
Communism is something to which many thousands of Americans are opposed. But too few know its nature, its methods of operation, and its reflected activities in the community. Most do not yet understand how the Communist actually functions, nor the world of carefully studied directives in which he lives, and its effect on his non-Communist environment. This places a serious handicap on any sustained or successful opposition to Communism in the American community. Instructions from Moscow for the benefit of Soviet aggression are passed through the American Communist Party out into local non-Communist organizations. They are proposed and often adopted as policies in these organizations, frequently without being recognized or challenged by patriotic Americans.
At first blush, this would seem astounding, since all the information for an intelligent appraisal of such situations is readily available. That information is contained in the many Communist documents and directives published by the Communists themselves. These publications are issued for the direction of the Kremlins followers. A critical study of them as they appear, made with a background knowledge of the Marxist-Leninist classics which always condition or explain them, would give the student of Communism an intimate acquaintance with current Communist objectives.
It is this study of the techniques of Communism on any large scale which has been lacking, although there is no subject more important for the United States. An increasing number of community leaders have become aware of this defect and have sought to remedy it through courses on the techniques of Communism. Certain colleges and universities have introduced such courses into the curriculum. The National Education Association, at its 1952 convention, recommended moves in the same direction by suggesting the study of Communism in the schools. The Senate Sub-Committee on Internal Security, in its July 1953 report on education, strongly recommends the necessity of classes for teachers and students in high schools and colleges, conducted by those effective in combating Communism.
An adequate textbook will make possible a dynamic study of Communism in our schools and in community groups. It will give an impetus to the wider introduction of this subject into colleges and civic organizations which have lacked the material for organizing such courses. The fact that a handbook or textbook of this character was not prepared in the past is one of the chief explanations for the slow progress so far.
The present book, designed to answer this need, is an analytical and critical study of Communism. It deals with Communist ideology, strategy, and movement as presented by the Marxist-Leninist classics themselves and by current Communist documents and directives. It examines the relationship of the directives given by the Kremlin to the basic works of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and Stalin. It considers these books and documents as the Communist himself studies and uses them. It analyzes Communist activities as the Communist is instructed to carry them out.
This is the competent manner in which the techniques of Communism can be mastered in order to defeat them.
The study of any subject requires effort, and this one is no exception. There has been the assumption in some quarters that Communism is easily understood and readily dealt with. Nothing could be farther from reality. If we were to ask 1,000 educated Americans, chosen at random, what is the nature of Soviet Communism, not five percent could give the proper answer. If the same group were queried on what is the current line of the Party, an even smaller percentage would be able to reply. The serious successes of the Communist line within the United States, which will be developed in the course of these pages, stands as added and weighty testimony to the complicated character of Communist strategy and tactics, their bewildering effects, and the urgency for mastering them.
The task is by no means impossible, but it demands the same careful reading, examination, and analysis as does any course in economics, sociology, or any of the physical sciences.
Effective consideration of the techniques of Communism requires a devoted adherence to the truth, to the facts as they are disclosed, and therefore to an attitude free of preconceived ideas or narrow partisan bias. There are many individuals who hear of infiltration of the U.S. State Department and immediately close their eyes and ears to what affronts their partisan prejudices. They do not wish to recognize the validity of these charges, although the reports and hearings of the Senate Sub-Committee on Internal Security established beyond doubt that infiltration has occurred on a serious scale. When certain industries are shown to be penetrated by the Communists, there is often a tendency among leading figures in those industries to defend the subversives or explain away their acts rather than to clean house.
It is impossible in any honest analysis of Communist techniques to fall victim to such faulty concepts.
Many valuable publications have appeared during the recent past on various phases of the subject which we have under consideration. Most of these books have been designed to describe personal experiences and to create an abhorrence of Communism. Other works have dealt with the history of the Communist movement in general, particularly in its world aspects. Still others have applied themselves solely to the theory of Marxism-Leninism, or to certain features of it. None has been written for the sole purpose of organizing the inquiry into the nature and operations of Communism as a basis for combating it.
The rich library of books exposing Communism itself has aroused that interest which makes essential a systematic study of Communism as related to American life and institutions.
The present book has the advantage of being the result of successful classes in the subject at the Fordham University Graduate School (Institute of Contemporary Russian Studies) where pioneering work has been done in this field. It has had the added benefit of classes I have conducted at Seton Hall University and in the summer school of the University of Dayton. Its outline has been the basis of similar courses for community leader groups, conducted on the college level, in the vicinity of New York City, which are now expanding in number.