Rosemary Durward - Religion, Conflict and Military Intervention

Edited by
ROSEMARY DURWARD
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, UK

LEE MARSDEN
University of East Anglia, UK

First published 2009 by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge

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Copyright Rosemary Durward and Lee Marsden 2009

Rosemary Durward and Lee Marsden have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Religion, conflict and military intervention.

1. WarReligious aspectsChristianity. 2. WarReligious aspectsIslam. 3. Conflict managementReligious aspectsChristianity. 4. Conflict managementReligious aspectsIslam. 5. Iraq War, 2003-

I. Durward, Rosemary. II. Marsden, Lee.

261.873-dc22

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Religion, conflict, and military intervention / [edited] by Rosemary Durward and Lee Marsden.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-7546-7871-7 (hardback)

1. Religion and politics. 2. Intervention (International law) I. Durward, Rosemary. II. Marsden, Lee.

BL65.P7R432655 2009

201.7273dc22

2009031218

ISBN 978-0-7546-7871-7 (hbk)

Shazadi Beg holds a Masters degree in international law from Southampton University, UK. She has practiced as a barrister for more than 15 years in human rights and criminal law.

Rosemary Durward is Senior Lecturer in the Defence and International Affairs Department at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.

Rebecca Glazier is a doctoral candidate in Political Science at University of California Santa Barbara.

Nicholas Kerton-Johnson is an honorary lecturer in politics at the University of Bristol.

Sandy Mergenschroer-Livingston is a doctoral candidate at Aberdeen University, UK and attended New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary.

Ivan Manokha is Vice-Dean and Lecturer in International Relations at the Institu dtudes politique de Paris (Sciences Po).

Lee Marsden is Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of East Anglia.

Kunal Mukherjee is a doctoral candidate at the University of Nottingham.

Serena K. Sharma teaches in the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Producing an edited volume requires tremendous amounts of cooperation between editors, publishers and authors to produce the finished work. In this process the editors are particularly indebted not only to the contributors but to the many people who gave freely of their time and efforts in organising conferences, panels, reviews and providing extensive feedback to help shape the volume you have before you. Special thanks are due to Paul Cornish, Head, International Security Programme and Carrington Professor of International Security, Chatham House and Sara Silvestri, City University, for their encouragement. Special thanks are due to staff at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, especially the RMAS Commandant, Major General D.J. Rutherford-Jones, the Director of Studies, Sean McKnight and the team that helped organise the Engaging with Religion for Building Peace: The Experience of Afghanistan and Iraq conference that inspired the present volume. Amongst them are Matthew Bennett, Stuart Philip, Martin Smith, Stephen Deakin, Andrew Orgyll, Margaret Young and Chris MacLennan as well as numerous people who helped on the day, too many to mention, but important, nevertheless.

The editors would like to thank Vernon White, Tim Gibson, Tim Dean, George Wilkes, Shenaz Bunglawala, Connie Sherman, Nigel Whitnall and the anonymous reviewers for valuable comments, advice and assistance, although inevitably responsibility for any errors remains the responsibility of authors and editors alike. This publication would not have been possible without the wonderful cooperation and efficiency of Kirstin Howgate and all the team at Ashgate for which we are truly grateful. Last, but by no means least, we wish to acknowledge the debt of gratitude to Keith, Gill and Miriam who graciously and stoically endured the regular incursions of editing this book into family time. Thank you.

Rosemary Durward and Lee Marsden

For many years religion has been the neglected component of international relations, and yet in an age of globalisation and terror, religious identity has become an increasingly important influence upon the lives of those in the west and in the developing world. The secularisation thesis has been overtaken by a desire to understand how religious actors contribute to both conflict and the resolution of conflict. The initial shock of terrorism going global on 11 September 2001 was followed by the steady realisation that its declared motivator, religion, was actually a familiar feature of conflict. It was a significant dynamic in the Balkans that had occupied Western military resources in the immediate post-Cold War period, as well as in many Cold War regional conflicts in the Middle East, Africa and Asia. Further, there was a surprising religious dimension evident in the response to terrorism. In the United States, President George Bushs policy and rhetoric used religious language that resonated with a religious American public, despite the United States constitution separating church and state.

The language of reconciliation used by President Barack Obama is also influenced by his Christian faith. There is no doubt, however, that Obama rejects any inference that policy can be formulated on the strength of what a church believes. Rather, he seeks policies that meet the criteria of reasonableness, to the ordinary citizen. There are many who anticipate a radical change in the role religion plays in conflict with the election of Barack Obama as President. Writing in Foreign Affairs