The European Union and culture
European Policy Research Unit Series
Series Editors: Simon Bulmer, Peter Humphreys and Mick Moran
The European Policy Research Unit Series aims to provide advanced textbooks and thematic studies of key public policy issues in Europe. They concentrate, in particular, on comparing patterns of national policy content, but pay due attention to the European Union dimension. The thematic studies are guided by the character of the policy issue under examination.
The European Policy Research Unit (EPRU) was set up in 1989 within the University of Manchesters Department of Government to promote research on European politics and public policy. The series is part of EPRUs effort to facilitate intellectual exchange and substantive debate on the key policy issues confronting the European states and the European Union.
Titles in the series also include:
Globalisation and policy-making in the European Union Ian Bartle
Creating a transatlantic marketplace Michelle P. Egan (ed.)
The politics of health in Europe Richard Freeman
Immigration and European integration Andrew Geddes
Agricultural policy in Europe Alan Greer
The European Union and the regulation of media markets Alison Harcourt
Mass media and media policy in Western Europe Peter Humphreys
The politics of fisheries in the European Union Christian Lequesne
Sports law and policy in the European Union Richard Parrish
The Eurogroup Uwe Puetter
EU pharmaceutical regulation Govin Permanand
Regulatory quality in Europe: Concepts, measures and policy processes Claudio M. Radaelli and Fabrizio de Francesco
Extending European cooperation Alasdair R. Young
Regulatory politics in the enlarging European Union Alasdair Young and Helen Wallace
The European Union and culture
Between economic regulation and European cultural policy
Annabelle Littoz-Monnet
Copyright Annabelle Littoz-Monnet 2007
The right of Annabelle Littoz-Monnet to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
ISBN 978 0 7190 7435 6
First published 2007
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Typeset in Sabon
by Action Publishing Technology Ltd, Gloucester
Printed in Great Britain
by Biddles Ltd, Kings Lynn
Contents
Acknowledgements
Writing this book would not have been possible without the support of a number of people and institutions. First, special thanks go to Jeremy Richardson at Oxford University. He provided me not only with invaluable intellectual and academic guidance while I was in the course of conducting my research but also with the encouragement and the enthusiasm that were necessary to pursue the project to its end. I am also grateful to Sonia Mazey at Oxford University for her feedback on the theoretical aspects of my work. Among my colleagues, I would like to thank Jrgen Neyer for his very helpful feedback on the theoretical and conceptual aspects of my research, Edward Gray for his time (reading early versions of the manuscript in their entirety ) and his enlightening comments on my work, and Flemming Splidsboel Hansen for his good suggestions too. I am also very grateful to the two anonymous referees from Manchester University Press, who provided very detailed and valuable comments on the manuscript. In connection with my field work, I would like to thank Monsieur le Ministre Jack Lang, former Minister of Culture and Minister of Education in France, who generously agreed to discuss the construction process of European cultural policy during an interview set up in Paris in December 1999, and also gave me access to a considerable amount of archival documentation from the French Ministry of Culture. I also express my great gratitude to the EU, French and UK officials, interest group representatives and members of the European Parliament, who gave their time to answer my questions. Special thanks go to Patrick Olivier, from the French Ministry of Culture, and David Levy, from the BBC, who both agreed to read a substantial part of the earlier versions of my case studies. In financial terms, the project could not have been conducted without the support of the British Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), which granted me a three-year research award, and St Hildas College at Oxford, which granted funding for research trips and conferences on various occasions. Last but not least, my family and friends provided me with invaluable advice and moral support.
Abbreviations
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AIDAA | International Association of Audiovisual Writers and Directors |
BBC | British Broadcasting Corporation |
CDU/CSU | Christlich Demokratischen Union (Christian Democratic Union) |
CICCE | Comit des Industries Cinmatographiques Europennes |
CLT | Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Tldiffusion |
CNC | Centre National de la Cinmatographie |
DBS | Direct Broadcasting Satellite |
DCMS | Department of Culture, Media and Sport (UK) |
DG | Directorate General |
DLL | Direction du Livre et de la Lecture (France) |
EAT | European Advertising Tripartite |
EBU | European Broadcasting Union |
EC | European Community |
ECJ | European Court of Justice |
EP | European Parliament |
EPP | European Peoples Party |
ETNO | European Telecommunications Network Operators Association |
EU | European Union |
FEP | Federation of European Publishers |
FERA | Fdration Europenne des Ralisateurs Audiovisuels |
FNAC | Fdration Nationale dAchat des Cadres |