MASS ATROCITIES, THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT AND THE FUTURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
This book ambitiously weaves together history and politics to explain all of the major situations where mass atrocities have occurred, or been prevented, over the 15 years since the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) was adopted at the 2005 UN World Summit.
The author provides a history of human rights, mass atrocities and the principle of the R2P from the perspective of someone whose day job has been to work with the UN Security Council, various governments and civil society groups to help ensure that the international community does not fail those who face the threat of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity today. It examines the implementation of the controversial principle of R2P since 2011. Using case studies from Iraq, Syria, Myanmar and Libya, the book offers a unique perspective regarding how we make never again a living principle rather than a clich and how we end the politics of impunity, indifference and inaction once and for all.
It will be of special interest to scholars, students and policy makers working in the fields of international politics or concerned about human rights, atrocities, the United Nations and international justice in the world today.
Dr Simon Adams, PhD, is executive director of the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect, a human rights organisation that provides policy advice and carries out advocacy with the UN Security Council and Human Rights Council regarding crimes against humanity, war crimes and genocide. Dr Adams has worked extensively with civil society organisations in South Africa, Timor-Leste, Rwanda and elsewhere. He is the author of four books and regularly appears in the international media on matters related to the United Nations, human rights and conflict in the world today.
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Edited by Thomas G. Weiss
The CUNY Graduate Center, New York, USA
and Rorden Wilkinson
University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Mass Atrocities, the Responsibility to Protect and the Future of Human Rights
If Not Now, When?
Simon Adams
MASS ATROCITIES,
THE RESPONSIBILITY
TO PROTECT AND
THE FUTURE OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
If Not Now, When?
Simon Adams
First published 2021
by Routledge
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and by Routledge
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
2021 Simon Adams
The right of Simon Adams to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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ISBN: 978-0-367-55128-5 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-55129-2 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-09209-4 (ebk)
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CONTENTS
ASEAN | Association of Southeast Asian Nations |
AU | African Union |
CAR | Central African Republic |
DA | Democratic Alliance (South Africa) |
ECOWAS | Economic Community of West African States |
FFM | Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar |
FRELIMO | Frente de Libertao de Moambique |
FSA | Free Syrian Army |
GDP | Gross domestic product |
GNC | General National Congress (Libya) |
ICC | International Criminal Court |
ICISS | International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty |
ICJ | International Court of Justice |
ICTY | International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia |
IDP | Internally displaced person |
IIIM | International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism for Syria |
IPCC | Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |
ISF | Iraqi security forces |
ISIL | Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |
NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization |
NTC | National Transitional Council (Libya) |
OHCHR | Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights |
OPCW | Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons |
PBC | UN Peacebuilding Commission |
PMF | Popular Mobilization Forces (Iraq) |
PSC | AU Peace and Security Council |
RENAMO | Resistncia Nacional Moambicana |
RwP | Responsibility while Protecting |
SNHR | Syrian Network for Human Rights |
SOHR | Syrian Observatory for Human Rights |
UN | United Nations |
UNAMI | UN Assistance Mission for Iraq |
UNESCO | UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |
UNITAD | UN Investigative Team to Promote Accountability for Crimes Committed by Daesh/ISIL |
UNSMIL | UN Support Mission in Libya |
YPG | Kurdish Peoples Protection Units (Syria) |
We believe that mass killings and ethnic cleansing are underway across Rakhine State, and that there may be genocidal intent on behalf of the authorities. That was my concluding comment at a briefing for members of the UN Security Council on the morning of 8 September 2017. The meeting took place in a building on Second Avenue, a short walk from UN headquarters and the Councils meeting room on the banks of New Yorks East River. From the expansive windows you could see the glistening skyscrapers of midtown Manhattan. The ambassadors and other diplomats who came to the briefing that morning drank coffee and ate muffins as they listened to our analysis and took notes.