Mobile Creches - State of the Young Child in India

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State of the Young Child in India

This Report is one of the first comprehensive studies on young children in India. It focuses on children under 6 years of age and presents key aspects of their well-being and development. With the highest number of neonatal, infant and under-5 deaths in the world, there is an urgent need to address issues that continue to affect the young child in India.

This volume:

• Introduces two young child indices aggregating selected indicators to separately track child outcomes and child circumstances.
• Provides an account of the current situation of the young child in terms of physical and cognitive development, access to care, disadvantaged children and major issues that have led to the continued neglect of this age group.
• Explores the policy and legal framework, fiscal space and the role and obligations of key stakeholders, including the state, private sector, civil society, media and the family.
• Highlights key recommendations and action points that can help to improve the ecosystem for early childhood care and development.

Drawing on specially commissioned technical background papers, supplemented by extensive field experience of Mobile Creches in childcare, this Report will be of interest to practitioners, policymakers and influencers, think tanks and researchers of public policy, development studies, human rights, sociology and social anthropology, as well as general readers.

Mobile Creches (MC) is a leading organisation for Early Childhood Development (ECD) in India. Headquartered in New Delhi, it works at the grassroots level for young children under 6 years across the country, with a focus on the most vulnerable in particular children of migrant families and slum dwellers. It has also developed appropriate training resources to enable a cadre of early childhood care workers across government and non-government settings. As a knowledge organisation, MC presents this Report, which draws upon its decades of working with young children and their families and its engagement with local communities, businesses, practitioners, advocates and policymakers.

With the support of

State of the Young Child in India

Mobile Creches

First published 2020

by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

and by Routledge

52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2020 Mobile Creches

The right of Mobile Creches to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Mobile Creches (Organization : Mumbai, India), corporate author.

Title: State of the young child in India / Mobile Creches.

Description: 1. | New York : Taylor & Francis Group, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2019056991 (print) | LCCN 2019056992 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: ChildrenIndiaSocial conditions21st century. | ChildrenIndia21st century. | Child developmentIndia.

Classification: LCC HQ792.I5 S665 2020 (print) | LCC HQ792.I5 (ebook) | DDC 305.230954dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019056991

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019056992

ISBN: 978-0-367-46018-1 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-02648-8 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

State of the Young Child in India team

Core team

Anuradha Rajivan, Lead Technical Advisor

Sanjay Kaul

Sumitra Mishra

V. S. Sambandan

Samreen Mushtaq

Editor

Neelam Singh

Young Child indices

Pronab Sen, Technical Advisor

Technical background paper contributors

Mridula Bajaj

Nandita Chaudhary

Ranjana Kesarwani

Ranjani Murthy

Renu Singh

Venkatesan Ramani

Vimala Ramachandran

Contents

1. ii
2. v
3. vi

Guide

Annexure tables

This inaugural issue of the State of the Young Child in India brings to the fore the pressing and urgent need to provide primary focus for policy and programme action to this most vulnerable and critical stage of human development. It is prepared with the aim to place the young child at the centre of policy dialogue, borne out of the conviction that each child has an inalienable right to opportunities to develop her full potential. The first six years are the foundation of human life. The young child needs nutritious food to survive and grow, mental and physical stimulation, safe and hygienic environment, timely access to basic services and, above all, love, care and dignity.

There is widespread consensus on the vital importance of Early Childhood Development (ECD) but the neglect of this sector by various stakeholders has led to the denial of rightful opportunities for physical and cognitive development and emotional security to the young child in India. This Report recognises that structural inequities, neglect and injustice keep many young children (and their families) disadvantaged, invisible and excluded. It highlights the inextricable linkages between issues affecting children, women, parents and childcare providers, the interconnected socioeconomic environment including inequities and the ultimate role and responsibility of the State in addressing the challenges that the young child faces. The commitment of the State has been piecemeal, fragmented and half-hearted despite a fair amount of policy work in addressing the multitude of issues concerning the young child.

Over the past five decades, Mobile Creches (MC) has emerged as Indias leading organisation for ECD through its long work at the grassroots level for young children under 6 years. It has focussed on the most vulnerable children, especially children of migrant families and slum dwellers and has used its evidence based experience to work with local communities, governments, businesses, practitioners, advocates, programme implementers and policymakers. It has harnessed this knowledge in the form of this Report.

This Report was compiled and completed before the Covid-19 pandemic set in. The pandemic, and the subsequent lockdown, has had an unprecedented adverse impact on the social and economic fabric of the country. Its scale and magnitude has exposed multiple fault lines and vulnerabilities, especially in the informal sector and the rural economy. The effects on families and children have been devastating. In this context, the rights perspective and economic imperative to focus on the young child assumes even more importance and urgency. A key objective of the Report is to enable policy makers to identify and bring about both short-term as well as long-term policy measures for addressing the deprivations that confront the young child and mitigate the ill effects of such a crisis in the future.

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