Discordant Comrades
It was your sigh
That brought this song
Upon the wind...
Your song came from the Six
The ghost of Newyearseve troubadours haunting your memory
Strumming the banjos of our scattered history
Lilting the songs of Die Alabama
Preaching magical revolution on the mainland
Your sigh came in staccatoed eloquence
Turned the Karoo into a colourful spring of ominous mist
Turned wine into blood of our youth
Made history dance with the characters of our ghettoes
Harmonying the discord of our lives ...
From 'Wanderers Street' by Farouk Asvat
Discordant Comrades
Identities and Loyalties on the South African Left
Allison Drew
First published 2000 by Ashgate Publishing
Reissued 2019 by Routledge
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Copyright 2000 by Allison Drew
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Many people have helped me over the years in the preparation of this long manuscript. Research for this book has been carried out at libraries and universities in South Africa, Britain, the United States and Russia, and I would like to thank the staff of the following institutions: in South Africa, the Historical Papers Library at the University of the Witwatersrand, the Manuscripts and Archives Department of the University of Cape Town Libraries, the Mayibuye Centre Historical Papers Archive at the University of the Western Cape, and the South African Reference Library in Cape Town; in Britain, the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research at the University of York, the British Library in London, the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull, the Institute of Commonwealth Studies Library and the School of Oriental and African Studies Library at the University of London, the Kingston upon Hull Local Studies Library, the Modern Records Centre at the University of Warwick Library, the National Museum of Labour History in Manchester, the Public Records Office at Kew, and the Working Class Movement Library in Salford; and in the United States, the Hoover Institution Archives at Stanford University, the Houghton Library at Harvard University, the Prometheus Research Library in New York City, the Special Collections at the University Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles, and the Manuscripts and Archives office at Yale University Library.
My research in Moscow was possible thanks to grants from the British Academy and the Lipman-Miliband Trust. The latter, and the Barry Amiel and Norman Melburn Trust, also provided grants to help with the manuscripts production. I am very grateful to a number of Russian colleagues for their help. Professor Vladimir Shubin and the staff at the Institute for African Studies helped me to find my way around Moscow. Dr Kirill Anderson and the staff at the Russian Centre for the Conservation and Study of Modern History Records provided a congenial working environment and patiently assisted me with my queries. Professor A. B. Davidson of Moscow State University and Professor Valentin Gorodnov of the Institute of Universal History discussed various aspects of this research with me. Dennis Pennington assisted me as translator and interpreter during my sojourns in Moscow.
Ned Alpers has shown continuing encouragement over the years, and Charlie van Gelderen has engaged me in many stimulating conversations about South African socialist history. Neville Alexander, Alex Callinicos, Ron Kieve, Lungisile Ntsebeza and John Saville read the entire draft and gave me many insightful comments, Ralph Saviile prepared the index. Alec McAulay at Ashgate Publishing has been a very supportive editor. Most importantly, David Howell read endless drafts, engaged in endless discussions with me about the histories of the South African and British socialist movements and has helped me to appreciate the role of contingency in history - and in life. Any errors are, of course, my own responsibility.
- AAC All African Convention
- AFTU African Federation of Trade Unions
- AMWU African Mine Workers' Union
- ANC African National Congress
- Anti-CAD Anti-Coloured Affairs Department
- APO African People's (formerly Political) Organisation
- CLSA Communist League of South Africa
- CNETU Council of Non-European Trade Unions
- Comintern Communist International
- CPGB Communist Party of Great Britain
- CPSA Communist Party of South Africa
- DPC District Party Committee
- ECCI Executive Committee of the Communist International
- FNETU Federation of Non-European Trade Unions
- GWU Garment Workers' Union
- Gezerd Gezelshaft far Erd
- IFTU International Federation of Trade Unions
- ICU Industrial and Commercial Workers' Union
- ILP Independent Labour Party
- ISCOR Iron and Steel Corporation
- IWA Industrial Workers of Africa
- IWW Industrial Workers of the World
- KUTVU Eastern Workers Communist University
- NEC National Executive Committee
- NEUF Non-European United Front
- NEUM Non-European Unity Movement
- NLL National Liberation League
- NRC Natives Representative Council
- PB Political Bureau or Politburo
- PTU Progressive Trade Union group
- RILU Red International of Labour Unions
- SAAEO South African Association of Employees' Organisation
- SAIF South African Industrial Federation
- SAMWU South African Mine Workers' Union
- SANNC South African Native National Congress
- SDF Social Democratic Federation
- SDP Social Democratic Party
- SLP Socialist Labour Party
- TARC Train Apartheid Resistance Campaign
- TUC Trades Union Congress
Introduction
Writing South African socialist history
South Africa's socialist movement has attracted little interest from scholars despite its prominence in the country's liberation struggle and in present-day politics. The dominant body of historical writing about the South African left has been by South African Communists or former Communists.