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NASA
MATHEMATICIAN
KATHERINE JOHNSON
HEATHER E. SCHWARTZ
Lerner Publications Minneapolis
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Copyright 2018 by Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this book may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any meanselectronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of Lerner Publishing
Group, Inc., except for the inclusion of brief quotations in an acknowledged review.
Lerner Publications Company
A division of Lerner Publishing Group, Inc.
241 F irst Avenue North
Minneapolis, MN 55401 USA
For reading levels and more information, look up this title at www.lernerbooks.com.
Content Consultant: James A. F laten, Associate Director, NASAs Minnesota
Space Grant Consortium
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Schwartz, Heather E.
Title: NASA mathematician Katherine Johnson / Heather E. Schwartz.
Description: Minneapolis : Lerner Publications, [2018] | Series: STEM trailblazer bios | Audience:
Age 711. | Audience: Grade 4 to 6. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identi f iers: LCCN 2016049263 (print) | LCCN 2016050364 (ebook) | ISBN 9781512457032 (lb : alk.
paper) | ISBN 9781512457049 (pb : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781512457056 (eb pdf)
Subjects: LCSH: Johnson, Katherine G. | African American women mathematiciansBiography
Juvenile literature. | MathematiciansUnited StatesBiographyJuvenile literature. | African
American teachersBiographyJuvenile literature.
Classi f ication: LCC QA29.J64 S39 2018 (print) | LCC QA29.J64 (ebook) | DDC 510.92 [B] dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016049263
Manufactured in the United States of America
1-42953-26767-2/17/2017
The images in this book are used with the permission of: NASA, pp. 4, 12, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 27; Courtesy of West Virginia State University, pp. 6, 8; The Dolph Briscoe Center for
American History, University of Texas at Austin, p. 10; Smith Collection/Gado/Archive Photos/
Getty Images, p. 14; NASA/Bill Ingalls, p. 26.
Front cover: NASA
Main body text set in Adrianna Regular 13/22. Typeface provided by Chank.
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CONTENTS
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Chapter 1
Johnson at the
NASA Langley
Research Center
in 1980
T he world Katherine Johnson grew up in did not always
honor women who excelled in mathespecially African
American women. When Katherine was young, women were
expected to be homemakers, teachers, or nurses. African
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Americans faced discrimination in all areas of life. But
Katherine was born with a natural gift for numbers. Using her
talent for math, she excelled in school. And she broke barriers
in a career that put her to work as a brilliant mathematician,
doing mathematical calculations that would later be done
by computers.
GIRL WITH A GIFT
Katherine was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia,
in 1918. Her mother had been a teacher, and her father was
a farmer and a custodian. He had not gone to school beyond
the sixth grade. But he had a knack for working with numbers.
When he cut lumber, he could calculate the number of boards
he could get from a tree just by looking at it. He could also
solve math problems that Katherines teachers could not
f igure out.
Katherine seemed to have inherited that natural ability. As
a child, she was always counting. She counted her steps when
she walked to church. She counted plates and silverware when
she washed dishes after meals.
When her older siblings Horace, Margaret, and Charles
started school, Katherine was left behindbut not for long.
She was allowed into summer school early because she could