Samuel Cowan - The Last Days of Mary Stuart, and the journal of Bourgoyne her physician

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THE LAST DAYS OF MARY STUART

Mary Queen of Scots.
From a Painting in possession of the Earl of Morton.

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THE LAST DAYS OF
MARY STUART

AND THE JOURNAL OF BOURGOYNE
HER PHYSICIAN

BY

SAMUEL COWAN

AUTHOR OF
MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS, AND WHO WROTE THE CASKET LETTERS?
THE GOWRIE CONSPIRACY THE ANCIENT CAPITAL OF SCOTLAND
ETC. ETC.

LONDON
EVELEIGH NASH
1907

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PREFACE

The Journal of Bourgoyne, which I had meant originally to be the text of this volume, is a work of some importance in helping us to elucidate the life and later days of the Queen of Scots. I have considered it necessary, for the benefit of the reader, to reproduce also a Summary of the voluminous correspondence which took place during the same period between Queen Mary and her confrres, and Elizabeth, and the leading ministers and secretaries of the Crown of England. The correspondence discloses the political manuvres and secret negotiations of that eventful timethe last six months of Queen Mary's life: and the Summary occupies the first half of the volume. It has been impossible to restrict it further and convey to the reader what is meant to be conveyedan intelligible estimate of her prison life, with all its painful vicissitudes. The letters have an important bearing on the character of the Scottish Queen, and illustrate the situation better than can be done by any criticism.

The fascination of Mary Stuart as the central figure of the greatest drama in Scottish history is an additional reason for putting another volume before the public, even though the literature on the subject is abundant; while Bourgoyne's Journal, now specially translated, we must remember, has not been much in evidence in its original form. It is really a domestic, not a political or daily, record, and is the only such record we possess, for no historian has attempted to give more than an outline of her public career. In this Journal there are entries of which we have hitherto been unaware; entries which manifest the cunning and deception of that age; chiefly and more particularly the administration of the Crown of Englandthrilling readingElizabeth occupying the foreground and swaying the sceptre in a manner that must be read to be appreciated.

A large portion of the matter in this volume is published now for the first time, and to the rising generation the entire narrative will be quite new. The greatest point of historical importance resulting from a study of this Journal is its determination, and settlement of all doubt, of the innocence of Queen Mary of having had any connection with any plot against the life of Elizabeth; or with that huge fraud the Babington Conspiracy. How this is established the reader will realise from the accompanying recital.

S. C.

Perth , 1st January 1907.

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CONTENTS

PAGE
The last act of the dramaLord Burghley and Secretary Walsingham actively engaged against Queen MaryWalsingham and his spiesCharacter of WalsinghamPlots of Elizabeth to take Mary's lifeSavage, Ballard, Morgan, and BabingtonMary's pathetic appeal to ChateauneufText of her first letterText of her second letterElizabeth and Sir Amias PauletThe famous memoranda between Paulet and Wade as to how Mary was to be kidnapped and her papers seizedPaulet's official instructions to kidnap the QueenElizabeth's confirmation of these instructionsElizabeth's final orders to kidnap Queen Mary	1
Outline of the kidnapping scheme, and how it was carried outPaulet requires instructions as to Nau and CurleQueen Mary's return to ChartleyForcible seizure of her money and cabinets by Paulet and WalsinghamLetter from Yetsweirt about Nau and CurlePrivate letter of Nau to Elizabeth exonerating himself and MaryElizabeth's fulsome gratitude to PauletLetter Walsingham to PauletBurghley and Walsingham instruct Paulet about FotheringayPaulet writes Walsingham (kidnapping plot)He writes Burghley and WalsinghamDesires to resign officeMary complains of her cruel treatment to the Duke of Guise, the Lord Chancellor, and PasquierElizabeth's second order to seize Queen Mary's moneyRelations between James and his motherLetter Walsingham to Master of GrayMary's intercepted letters	28
Interview between Queen Mary and Paulet at FotheringayElizabeth nominates commissioners for the trialElizabeth's commission to Burghley and Walsingham to conduct the trialImportant letter, Elizabeth to Burghley, Mary's sentence prearrangedThe commissioners in Mary's bedchamberThe three private interviewsThe Lord Chancellor Bromley opens the trialMary exposes Walsingham's duplicity (Petit's version)Close of the first day and conversation with her physicianSentence of deathBurghley writes DavisonThe gross illegality of the trial exposedThe commissioners in the Star ChamberTytler's opinion of the Babington PlotMary Seton's letter to CourcellesPaulet to Walsingham, 24th October 1586	56
Elizabeth's instructions to Lord Buckhurst to communicate the sentence of death to Mary, and her remarkable reasons for this actElizabeth compromised in the Babington ConspiracyHer letter to Paulet to allow the commissioners an interview with MaryElizabeth's chicanery (Petit's version)Paulet to Walsingham, 21st November 1586Letter Henry III. to his Ambassador in London to request James to save his mother's lifeSentence of death communicated to Mary by BuckhurstQueen Mary's pathetic letter to the Pope informing him that she has been sentenced to die, and giving her last instructionsHer letter to the Duke of Guise informing him of her sentence, and giving instructions about her affairs	82
Queen Mary's letter to Mendoza the Spanish Ambassador informing him of the sentence of death, her submission to it, and her references to Paulet's treatment of herHer letter to Mendoza, 21st May 1586Her remarkable letter to the Archbishop of Glasgow asserting her innocence of every charge against her, and her rebuke to the commissioners that she would die a Queen in spite of themHer letter to Elizabeth with her requests regarding her death and intermentThe Commendator of Pittenweem and King JamesLetter of Bellievre, Chancellor of France, to Mary, 14th December 1586The graphic interview of Bellievre and Chateauneuf with Elizabeth, when they demanded of her with a threat to spare Mary's life, or take the consequencesElizabeth loses her temper	106
Proclamation by the Queen of England announcing Queen Mary's deathElizabeth instructs Paulet to deliver Queen Mary to the Sheriff of NorthamptonMemorial from Walsingham with instructions for the execution and intermentUnfinished paper by Lord Burghley on Mary's executionLetter from King James to Elizabeth requesting her to spare his mother's lifeSir Robert Melville and the Master of Gray wait on her and petition for Mary's lifeExtraordinary commission by Elizabeth to the Earls of Shrewsbury and Kent to execute the Scottish QueenLetter by Queen Mary to Henry III. ; being the last letter she ever wrote	132
Bourgoyne's Journal
The sham Stag HuntThe Queen starts in gleeful spirits, fully equipped and attended by her householdThe shadow of Elizabeth suddenly appears, and the Stag Hunt is no moreSeizure of Queen Mary's personal attendantsMary demands to know where they are taking herShe dismounts, and refuses to proceedPaulet's insolenceBourgoyne induces her to obey Paulet and proceedShe retires and offers up prayerBourgoyne helps her to remountShe is taken to TixallRefused pen, ink, and paper by PauletHer papers and cabinets seized at ChartleyShe is brought back to ChartleyPaulet and Bagot in her bedchamber without leavePaulet seizes her money and reopens the Babington PlotHe removes her from Chartley to FotheringayThe remarkable procession and arrival at Burton

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