The Political Right in Israel
This book takes a fresh look at the trajectories of Israeli politics since the election of Likud in 1977, examining how right-wing parties have adopted populist policies in order to carve out an identity and win support at the polls. As such it demonstrates how populism has become a hugely significant factor in shaping Israeli politics and society.
The original perspective taken by the author allows for an understanding of the central phenomena of the contemporary political system in Israel, such as the Likuds party centrality in Israeli politics, the political force of the religious Shas party and the growing influence of certain political leaders. Through this innovative analysis of the concept of populism, the book contributes to a thorough comprehension of the Israeli political system. With Israel playing such a central role in the Middle East conflict, this analysis of the ways in which populism contributes to the consolidation of governing political forces in Israel will allow for a better understanding of this conflict.
Combining the theoretical elaboration of the concept of populism with its application in the analysis of a specific test-case, this novel approach contributes to the ongoing research on populist politics, and as such will be a useful tool for understanding many issues in the study of populism, comparative politics, and the Middle East.
Dani Filc is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Politics and Government at Ben Gurion University, Israel, and he is the chairperson of Physicians for Human Rights-Israel. His areas of interest include the Israeli political system, populism and popular sovereignty, and health policies and politics. He has published the books Circles of Exclusion: The Politics of Health Care in Israel and Hegemony and Populism in Israel.
Routledge Studies on the ArabIsraeli Conflict
Series Editor: Mick Dumper
University of Exeter
The ArabIsraeli conflict continues to be the centre of academic and popular attention. This series brings together the best of the cutting edge work now being undertaken by predominantly new and young scholars. Although largely falling within the field of political science the series also includes interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary contributions.
1 International Assistance to the Palestinians after Oslo
Political guilt, wasted money
Anne Le More
2 Palestinian Political Prisoners
Identity and community
Esmail Nashif
3 Understanding the Middle East Peace Process
Israeli academia and the struggle for identity
Asima A. Ghazi-Bouillon
4 Palestinian Civil Society
Foreign donors and the power to promote and exclude
Benot Challand
5 The Jewish-Arab City
Spatio-politics in a mixed community
Haim Yacobi
6 Zionist Israel and Apartheid South Africa
Civil society and peace building in ethnic-national states
Amneh Daoud Badran
7 The Political Right in Israel
Different faces of Jewish populism
Dani Filc
The Political Right in Israel
Different faces of Jewish populism
Dani Filc
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2010
by Routledge
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This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
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2010 Dani Filc
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British
Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Filc, Dani.
The political right in Israel : different faces of Jewish populism /
Dani Filc.
p. cm. (Routledge studies on the Arab-Israeli conflict ; 7)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. IsraelPolitics and government. 2. PopulismIsrael. 3.
ConservatismIsrael. I. Title.
JQ1830.A58F548 2010
324.25694003dc22
2009024725
ISBN 0-203-86324-0 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-48830-3 (hbk)
IBSN10: 0-203-86324-0 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-48830-3 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-86324-4 (ebk)
For Myri, Gal, Ioni, Or and Nir, with love
Contents
Acknowledgements
This book could not have been written without the support and insights of many scholars and friends. Many of the ideas in the book developed within two workshops on populism, organized by the Centre for the Study of European Politics and Society at Ben Gurion University. I would like to thank the Centre for its support in organizing the events, and especially Professor David Newman, Dr Sharon Pardon and Alma Vardari-Kessler. I am also deeply grateful to the colleagues that participated in those encounters, especially to Professor Cass Mudde and Professor Nonna Meyer for their insightful comments.
I am very grateful to my colleagues at the Department of Politics and Government at Ben Gurion University, Lauren Basson, Neve Gordon, Becky Kook, Fred Lazin, David Newman, Sharon Pardo, Renee Poznanski, Ahmed Sa'adi, Lynn Schler and Haim Yacobi, who provide a challenging and supporting intellectual environment and from whom I have learned a lot.
I want to thank my sister, Judith Filc, for her insightful and intelligent reading of the first manuscript and her valuable comments.
Finally, I want to thank my family, Myri, Gal, Ioni, Or and Nir, to whom this book is dedicated, for their love and their support.
Introduction
In 2003, when Bynamin Netanyahu was minister of economy in Ariel Sharons government, he implemented an extremely neoliberal economic plan that involved a significant reduction of social security payments (children allowances, pensions, and allowances for single-parent families). Vicky Knafo, an unemployed single mother from the southern development town of Mitzpeh Ramon, walked from her hometown to the government house in Jerusalem to protest against the plan. Once in Jerusalem she was joined by other single mothers (all of them Mizrahi lower-class women), and demonstrated against the government for several weeks. Shai and Dror, two comedians who had a satiric program in Israeli TV, did a parody of Knafos protest. A woman looking like Knafo was walking on the road. They asked her why she was protesting, and she explained thoroughly how angry she was because of Netanyahus economic policy. Then they asked her for whom she would vote in the next elections. The woman raised an Israeli flag and said, For Likud and Bibi [Netanyahu], of course, long live Israel! Shai and Dror were mocking the fact that many lower-class Jews oppose Netanyahus economic and social policies, but still vote for Likud, and for Netanyahu. The show laughed at the alleged irrationality of voting for Likud and Netanyahu against ones own interests.