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Medieval Jewish Philosophy

An Introduction

Medieval Jewish Philosophy

An Introduction

Dan Cohn-Sherbok

First published in 1996

by Curzon Press

Published 2013 by Routledge

2 Park Square, mlton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY, 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

1996 Dan Cohn-Sherbok

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from thd publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book has been requested

ISBN 13: 978-0-700-70414-9 (hbk)

ISBN 13: 978-0-700-70453-8 (pbk)

Contents

I would like to acknowledge my indebtedness to a number of important books: Colette Sirat, A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Ages, Cambridge, 1995 this authoritative and seminal study provided a great deal of information as well as source material; I. Husik, A History of Medieval Jewish Philosophy, New York, 1952; Encyclopaedia Judaica, Jerusalem, 1972, Robert Seltzer, Jewish People, Jewish Thought, Macmillan, 1980. Those who seek more detailed information about the history of Jewish thought in the Middle Ages are strongly encouraged to read these works. This volume is designed simply to provide a birds eye view of the fascinating richness of the medieval Jewish philosophical tradition.

Throughout the book an asterisk (*) has been used to indicate philosophers who are discussed elsewhere in this study.

Mid 8th Century	Jewish Messianic Movements
762767	Beginning of the Karaite Movement
820890	David Al-Mukammis
830860	Growth of Karaism
850c. 932	Isaac Ben Solomon Israeli
882942	Saadiah Gaon
10th11th Centuries	Karaite academy in Jerusalem
fl. 1st half of 10th Century	Jacob Al-Kirkisani
fl. 1st half of 11th Century	Yusuf Al-Basir
1021c. 1058	Solomon Ibn Gabirol
fl. 2nd half of 12th Century	Bahya Ibn Pakuda
c. 10751141	Judah Halevi
10891164	Abraham Ibn Ezra
1096	Massacre of Rhineland Jews
fl. 1st half of 12th Century	Nethanel Ben Al-Fayyum Fayyumi
fl. 1st half of 12th Century	Abraham Bar Hiyya
fl. 1st half of 12th Century	Abu Al-Barakat
11101180	Abraham Ibn Daud
1146	Persecution of Spanish Jews by Almohades
11351204	Moses Maimonides
11821198	Expulsion of French Jews
1190	Massacre of Jews at York
c.11501220	Joseph Ben Judah Ibn Aknin
c.11601230	Samuel Ibn Tibbon
c. 11601235	David Kimhi
11861237	Abraham Ben Moses Maimonides
1240	Disputation of Paris
fl. 1st half of 13th Century	Jacob Ben Abba Mari Anatoli
fl. 1st half of 13th Century	Moses Ben Samuel Ibn Tibbon
1263	Disputation of Barcelona
c. 1286	Completion of Zohar
1290	Explusion of Jews from England
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Gershom Ben Solomon of Arles
c.12251295	Shem Tov Ben Joseph Falaquera
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Isaac Albalag
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Levi Ben Abraham Ben Hayyim
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Judah Ben Solomon Ibn Malkah
12101280	Isaac Ben Abraham Ibn Latif
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Judah Ben Nissim Ibn Malkah
1240c. 1291	Abraham Ben Samuel Abulafia
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Zerahiah Ben Shealtiel Gracian
fl. 2nd half of 13th Century	Hillel Ben Samuel
1280c. 1325	Judah Ben Moses Ben Daniel Romano
c.12611328	Immanuel Ben Solomon of Rome
c. 12701340	Yedayah Ha-Penini
fl. 1st half of 14th Century	Nissim Ben Moses of Marseille
c. 12701340	Abner of Burgos
12881344	Levi Ben Gershom
fl. 1st half of 14th Century	Isaac Pulgar
fl. 1st half of 14th Century	Joseph Caspi
fl. 1st half of 14th Century	Shemariah Ben Elijah
13481349	Black Death Massacres
fl. 2nd half of 14th Century	Moses Ben Joshua Narboni
14131414	Disputation of Tortosa
fl. 1st half of 15th Century	Joshua Lorki
fl. 1st half of 15th Century	Isaac Ben Moses Levi
fl. 1st half of 15th Century	Hasdai Crescas
fl. 1st half of 15th Century	Hoter Ben Solomon
13611444	Simon Ben Zemah Duran
fl. 2nd half of 15th Century	Joseph Albo
14001460	Joseph Ben Shem Tov Ibn Shem Tov
fl. 2nd half of 15th Century	Abraham Ben Shem Tov Bibago
14201494	Isaac Ben Moses Arama
14371509	Isaac Abrabanel
c. 146093	Elijah Ben Moses Abba Delmedigo
1492	Expulsion of Jews from Spain
c. 14601523	Judah Ben Isaac Abrabanel

For Lavinia

What is Jewish philosophy? The answer depends on how philosophy is understood. There is no doubt that the ancient Israelites reflected philosophically on the origin of the universe and the nature and activity of God. Thus the Hebrew Bible begins with an account of creation and Gods dealings with human creatures, and the Five Books of Moses continue the history of ancient Israel from the time of the patriarchs to the death of Moses. The rest of Scripture traces the development of the Jewish people through conquest and settlement, the rise of monarchy, the fall of the Northern and Southern Kingdoms, and the return of the exiles. In this panormaic epic God is depicted as preoccupied with the destiny of his chosen people in the unfolding of his providential plan.

In a similar vein the rabbis of the Tannaitic period (between the first century BCE and the second century CE) and the Amoraic period (between the second and sixth centuries CE) continued such speculation about the Deity and his relationship to the cosmos. Such theological reflection embraced a wide range of topics including: Gods unity, omniscience, omnipotence, and goodness; Israel and its mission to the nations; the concept of the Messiah and redemption; and the purpose and scope of the moral law. In the Mishnah and the Midrash as well as in both the Palestinian and Babylonian Talmuds, the sages engaged in theological and philosophical activity within a Jewish framework. In addition, Jewish mystical texts contain abstruse theorizing about the process of creation and the nature of the Godhead.

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