ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: THE ECONOMY OF THE MIDDLE EAST
Volume 17
LIBYA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
LIBYA SINCE INDEPENDENCE
Economic and Political Development
Edited by
J. A. ALLAN
First published in 1982
This edition first published in 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1982 J.A. Allan
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-138-78710-0 (Set)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74408-7 (Set)
ISBN: 978-1-138-81177-5 (Volume 17)
eISBN: 978-1-315-74632-6 (Volume 17)
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and would welcome correspondence from those they have been unable to trace.
Libya
Since Independence
ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Edited by J.A.Allan
1982 J.A. Allan
Croom Helm Ltd, Provident House, Burrell Row,
Beckenham, Kent BR3 1AT
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Libya since independence.
1. Libya Economic conditions
I. Allan, J.A.
330.961204 HC567.L5
ISBN 0-7099-0519-X
All rights reserved. For information write:
St. Martins Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010
First published in the United States of America in 1982
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title:
Libya since independence.
1. Libya - Economic policy - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Allan, J. A. (John Anthony)
HC825.L5217 1982 338.9612 82-42564
ISBN 0-312-48363-5
The chapters of this book have been based on a selection of the papers presented at a conference held in London in July 1981.
The papers not reproduced here appear in a companion volume edited by E.G.H. Joffe and K.S. McLachlan entitled Social and Economic Development of Libya since 1835, published by Menas Press limited, London, in 1982.
Printed and bound in Great Britain
CONTENTS
Graeme Barker
Keith McLachlan
Tony Allan
Paul Barker and Keith McLachlan
Paul Barker
Ewan Anderson and Gerald Blake
Abulgasim Elazzabi
Emrys Peters
Salaheddin Hasan Sury
Herv Bleuchot
Martine Muller
The changes effected in Libyas economy, society and political systems since oil figured as an element in the economy and the country embarked on ambitious policies based on oil-wealth after the 1969 revolution though dramatic have not been comprehensively documented. A meeting was held in July 1981 in the University of London at the Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies to bring together specialists in Libyan affairs as well as historians of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The chapters assembled in this volume are concerned with the period since independence in 1951 and examine all the important elements of the economy and some of its major sectors such as transport. The political organisation of the period of the monarchy is reviewed and analysed in terms of its institutions, policies and ideology and the political experiments of the revolutionary period are critically examined with special reference to The Green Book of Muammar al Qadhafi. Finally there is a discussion of Libyas frontiers and their origins, and this material has been included because although Libyan international interests have been wide ranging since 1969, her real external interests are to extend her natural resource base and much that has occurred in the recent past and that which happens in the future will be based on Libyas perception of her territorial entitlement.
The assistance of the Society for Libyan Studies in covering some of the expenses of the conference and of universities and research institutions in Libya and elsewhere in facilitating the attendance of participants is gratefully acknowledged.
The material selected for this volume covers the socio-economic and political changes experienced since independence. The papers not included in this volume dealt mainly with the economic and social history of Libya in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and they have been published in a companion volume edited by E G H Joff and K S McLachlan entitled, Social and economic development of Libya since 1835, published by Menas Press Ltd, London, 1982.
The editor is grateful to the contributors for their cooperation and assistance and especially to Mr Paul Barker and Dr Keith McLachlan for undertaking additional writing in order to improve the balance of the economic section of the book, to Mr George Joff for the translation of the chapters by Dr Herv Bleuchot and Ms Martine Muller, and to Ms Liz Johnson for the preparation of diagrams and the cartography of the maps.
The assistance of the Society for Libyan Studies in covering some of the expenses of the conference and of the universities and research institutions in Libya and elsewhere in facilitating the attendance of participants is gratefully acknowledged. These contributions made the conference possible and have enabled the publication of this and a companion volume. The opinions expressed in the book are those of the contributors and they are not necessarily held by staff and officials of the sponsoring institutions, the Centre of Middle Eastern Studies of the School of Oriental and African Studies and The Society for Libyan Studies.
JAA
Names of places falling in Libya have generally been transliterated according to the system of the US Board on Geographic Names, 1958, Gazetteer No 41, Libya, Washington DC. Names of places outside Libya have been rendered according to the convention most familiar for such places, usually the French system. As the chapters have been provided by authors from a number of different countries, Arabic words have been rendered in the form familiar to the author. In addition in the chapter on the oil industry placenames have been shown in a form generally familiar in the oil industry.