Erwin A. Gutkind - Creative Demobilisation

PUBLIC POLICY, WELFARE AND SOCIAL WORK

In 18 Volumes

Part II

Case Studies in National Planning

Edited by

E. A. GUTKIND

First published in 1943 by
Routledge, Trench, Trubner and Co., Ltd

Reprinted in 1998, 2002
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

Transferred to Digital Printing 2007

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

1943 E. A. Gutkind

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Creative Demobilisation - Part II: Case Studies in National Planning
ISBN 0-415-17715-4
Public Policy, Welfare and Social Work: 18 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17831-2
The International Library of Sociology: 274 Volumes
ISBN 0-415-17838-X

Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original may be apparent

MAPS

D EVELOPMENT OF N ATIONAL C OASTAL P ARK IN N ORTH C ORNWALL

THE following memoranda deal with some selected case studies of national planning. They express the personal opinions of their authors. They should be considered as an essential interpretation or illustration of the approach to national planning indicated in the first volume. The formulation of general principles must be supported by the sub-structure of actual case studies. Both are complementary to each other and of equal importance.

The contributions are grouped similarly to the main chapters of the first part. The memorandum on Some Social Aspects of Industry in Relation to Planning and The Questionnaire on Industrial Localisation Factors are staff work of the Demographic Survey and Plan as well as the last three memoranda. A brief comment is, however, necessary with regard to the chapter on Ill-balanced Communities. This memorandum is based upon the premise that the combination of agriculture and mining is not compatible with modern conditions. This might be true if one thinks of the archaic method of giving small allotments to the miners. Yet this approach touches only one side of the problems involved. It is suggested, therefore, that detailed investigations should be conducted for every mining regionnot only for the individual mining communitywith the aim of gaining more factual knowledge as to the relationship between agriculture and mining under modern conditions. First, we must think in terms of regional and not of local possibilities. Secondly, we must take into account the technological development in coal-mining and the potential displacement of labour. Thirdly, the trend towards fewer and larger enterprises is also of importance. These are only some of the factors which have a decisive bearing on the reorganisation of the structure of settlement in mining districts. Valuable material, in this respect, can be found in American publications and especially in the Report of the National Resources Committee, Technological Trends and National Policy. On the other hand, corresponding adjustment in the agricultural field is likewise to be expected. To dismiss a combination of agriculture and mining as archaic would not do justice to the problems which are inherent in national planning. We should await the results of unbiased research before we arrive at definite decisions. In any case we must think in terms of potential future development in both agriculture and mining and not try to solve this problem by expecting help from the past.

All other chapters are voluntary contributions towards the work of the Demographic Survey and Plan by experts who are especially interested in the problems of national planning. I wish to express once more my thanks for the readiness with which they extended their help to our work.

It should be emphasised that only selected Case Studies could be presented. It was impossible to cover the whole field of national planning. Its scope is too vast and much detailed research work is needed before definite conclusions can be drawn.

Just as the contents of this volume are the indispensable complement of the first one, so the various memoranda of each group are complementary to each other and should be considered as an entity.

The Extract from some American Publications is no more than an attempt to convey some knowledge of the experience gained in U.S.A. which is of special significance to national planning. The Data concerning the Structure of Typical Towns might be a starting point for investigations as to what is a sound or ill-balanced community. This knowledge is an essential prerequisite of a redistribution of population and industry.