Routledge Revivals
Defendants in the Criminal Process
First published in 1976, this book examines the practical workings of the English criminal court system, focusing on the defendants experiences of the system and the decisions he takes as he passes through it. Indeed, the defendant in a criminal case is in a unique position to experience the whole criminal process, from the first approaches of the investigating policeman to conviction, sentence and possible appeal.
Defendants in the Criminal Process is based upon the close observation of criminal cases and on interviews with defendants. The authors raise several issues and questions to be addressed by those involved in the administration of justice, whether as court administrators, judges, magistrates or lawyers. They also discuss issues of special importance for academics and others concerned with the explanation of the court process.
Defendants in the Criminal Process
A. E. Bottoms and J. D. McClean
First published in 1976
by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd
This edition first published in 2013 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
1976 A. E. Bottoms and J. D. McClean
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Publishers Note
The publisher has gone to great lengths to ensure the quality of this reprint but points out that some imperfections in the original copies may be apparent.
Disclaimer
The publisher has made every effort to trace copyright holders and welcomes correspondence from those they have been unable to contact.
A Library of Congress record exists under ISBN: 76362100
ISBN 13: 978-0-415-81513-0 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-0-203-06637-9 (ebk)
Defendants in the criminal process
A. E. Bottoms
and
J. D. McClean
Faculty of Law,
University of Sheffield
assisted by
Isobel Todd
Routledge & Kegan Paul
London, Henley and Boston
First published in 1976
by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd
76 Carter Lane,
London EC4V 5EL,
Reading Road,
Henley-on-Thames,
Oxon RG9 1EN and
9 Park Street,
Boston, Mass. 02108, USA
A. E. Bottoms and J. D. McClean 1976
No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form without permission from the
publisher, except for the quotation of brief
passages in criticism
ISBN 0 7100 8274 6
Tables
1952 | Magistrates Courts Act 1952 (15 & 16 Geo. VI and 1 Eliz. II, c.55) |
s.18 |
s.19 |
s.25 |
s.28 |
s.29 |
s.38 |
s.83 |
s.93 |
1962 | Criminal Justice Administration Act 1962 (10 & 11 Eliz. II, c.15) |
1966 | Criminal Appeal Act 1966 (c.31) |
1967 | Criminal Justice Act 1967 (c.80) |
s.1 |
s.18 |
s.21 |
s.57 |
pt IV (ss.7384) |
1968 | Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (c. 19) |
Theft Act (c.60) |
s.1 |
s.12 |
1971 | Courts Act (c.23) |
s. 12 |
1972 | Legal Advice and Assistance Act (c.50) |
Criminal Justice Act (c.71) |
s.37 |
1974 | Legal Aid Act (c.4) |
s.29 |
s.30 |
Brady v. U.S. 397 U.S. 742 (1970) |
Escobedo v. Illinois 378 U.S. 478 (1964) |
Gideon v. Wainwright 372 U. S. 335 (1963) |
Practice-Note, [1970] 1 W.L.R. 663, [1970] 1 All E.R. 1119, 54 Cr. App. R. 280 |
Practice Note, [1970] 2 All E.R. 805 |
R. v. Armstrong, [1951] 2 All E.R. 219 |
R. v. Bodmin Justices, ex parte McEwen, [1947] K.B. 221 |
R. v. Coe, [1968] 1 W.L.R. 1950, [1969] 1 All E.R. 65; 53 Cr. App. R. 66 |
R. v. De Haan, [1968] 2 Q.B. 108, [1968] 2 W.L.R. 626; [1967] 3 All. E.R. 618 |
R. v. Ellis [1973] Crim. L.R. 389, 57 Cr. App. R. 571 |
R. v. Everest, [1968] Crim. L. R. 688, 53 Cr. App. R. 20 |
R. v. Gowerton Justices, ex parte Davies, [1974] Crim. L.R. 253 |
R. v. Hall, [1968] Q.B. 788, [1968] 2 All E.R. 1009, 52 Cr. App. R. 528 |
R. v. Kings Lynn Justices, ex parte Carter, [1969] 1 Q.B. 488, [1968] 3 All E.R. 858, 53 Cr. App. R. 42; (pet. dis.), [1968] 3 W.L.R. 1217 |
R. v. Lymm Justices, ex parte Brown, [1973] 1 W.L.R. 1039, [1973] 1 All E.R. 716 |
R. v. McPherson, [1973] Crim. L. R. 191 |
R. v. Middlesex Quarter Sessions, ex parte D.P.P. (1950), 34 Cr. App. R. 112 |
R. v. Phillips (1947), 111 J.P. 333 |
R. v. Pitson (1972), 56 Cr. App. R. 391 |
R. v. Rear, unreported, 2 March 1965 |
R. v. Robinson (1854), 23 L.J.Q.B. 286 |
R. v. Rose (1898), 18 Cox C.C. 717 |
R. v. South Greenhoe Justices, ex parte D.P.P., [1950] 2 All E.R. 42; sub nom R. v. Norfolk Justices (1950), 34 Cr. App. R. 120 |
R. v. Tower Bridge Magistrate, ex parte Osman, [1971] 1 W.L.R. 1109, [1971] 2 All E.R. 1018, 55 Cr. App. R. 436 |
R. v. Tucker, [1974] 2 All E.R. 639 |
R. v. Turner, [1970] 2 Q.B. 321, [1970] 2 W.L.R. 1093, [1970] 2 All E.R. 281, 54 Cr. App. R. 352 |
R. v. Vallett (1950), 34 Cr. App. R. 251 |
R. v. Wakefield Justices, ex parte Butterworth, [1970] 1 All E.R. 1181 |
R. v. Wharton, [1955] Crim. L. R. 565 |
Santobello v. New York 404 U.S. 257 (1971) |
This book is concerned with the defendants participation in the processes of the English criminal courts, and with the quality of justice in those courts as it is experienced and assessed by the defendants themselves. To each defendant, his case is of special importance, whether the charges are grave or petty, so we examine a wide spectrum of cases, guilty pleas as well as contested trials, the daily round of the magistrates court as well as the occasional Crown Court drama. The defendant experiences, as no one else does, the whole criminal process, from the first questions of the investigating policeman through to trial, sentence and possible appeal. An account of the court system based on the defendants experience of it shows how the various parts of the process knit together, and how decisions taken at an early stage, long before the case even reaches court, can shape the development of the whole.