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Iris Chang - The Rape of Nanking

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Iris Chang The Rape of Nanking
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    The Rape of Nanking
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    2011
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    978-0-465-02825-2
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The Rape of Nanking: summary, description and annotation

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In December 1937, in what was then the capital of China, one of the most brutal massacres in the long annals of wartime barbarity occurred. The Japanese army swept into the ancient city of Nanking (Nanjing) and within weeks not only looted and burned the defenseless city but systematically raped, tortured, and murdered more than 300,000 Chinese civilians. Amazingly, the story of this atrocityone of the worst in world historycontinues to be denied by the Japanese government. Based on extensive interviews with survivors and newly discovered documents in four different languages (many never before published), Iris Chang, whose own grandparents barely escaped the massacre, has written what will surely be the definitive, English-language history of this horrifying episodeone that the Japanese have tried for years to erase from public consciousness. The Rape of Nanking But this book does more than just narrate details of an orgy of violence; it attempts to analyze the degree to which the Japanese imperial government and its militaristic culture fostered in the Japanese soldier a total disregard for human life. Finally, it tells one more shocking story: Despite the fact that the death toll at Nanking exceeded the immediate deaths from the atomic blasts at Hiroshima and Nagasaki combined (and even the total wartime casualty count of entire European countries), the Cold War led to a concerted effort on the part of the West and even the Chinese to court the loyalty of Japan and stifle open discussion of this atrocity. Indeed, Chang characterized this conspiracy of silence, which persists to this day, as a second rape. Contains a table! Best viewed with CoolReader.

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Iris Chang

THE RAPE OF NANKING

The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II

To the hundreds of thousands of victims in the Rape of Nanking

Acclaim for the international bestseller THE RAPE OF NANKING A powerful new - photo 1

Acclaim for the international bestseller,

THE RAPE OF NANKING

A powerful new work of history and moral inquiry. Chang takes great care to establish an accurate accounting of the dimensions of the violence.

Chicago Tribune

Meticulously researched A gripping account that holds the readers attention from beginning to end.

Nien Cheng, author of Life and Death in Shanghai

Iris Changs research on the Nanking holocaust yields a new and expanded telling of this World War II atrocity and reflects thorough research. The book is excellent; its story deserves to be heard.

Beatrice S. Bartlett, professor of history, Yale University

Heartbreaking An utterly compelling book. The descriptions of the atrocities raise fundamental questions not only about imperial Japanese militarism but the psychology of the torturers, rapists, and murderers.

Frederic Wakeman, director of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley

Something beautiful, an act of justice, is occurring in America today concerning something ugly that happened long ago. Because of Changs book, the second rape of Nanking is ending.

George F. Will, syndicated columnist

In her important new book Iris Chang, whose own grandparents were survivors, recounts the grisly massacre with understandable outrage.

Orville Schell, The New York Times Book Review

Anyone interested in the relation between war, self-righteousness, and the human spirit will find The Rape of Nanking of fundamental importance. It is scholarly, an exciting investigation, and a work of passion. In places it is almost unbearable to read, but it should be readonly if the past is understood can the future be navigated.

Ross Terrill, author of Mao, China in Our Time, and Madame Mao

One of the most important books of the twentieth century, Iris Changs The Rape of Nanking will endure as a classic among the worlds histories of war.

Nancy Tong, producer and co-director of In the Name of the Emperor

A very readable, well-organized account Chang has rescued this episode from its undeserved obscurity.

Russell Jenkins, National Review

When this turbulent century draws to an end, Changs book will shine light on the passage to a more peaceful era by invoking public consciousness on one of the darkest pages of World War II history.

Shi Young, coauthor of The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in Photographs

The story that Chang tells is almost too appalling for words a carefully documented cry of moral outrage.

Houston Chronicle

A compelling piece of history that speaks volumes about humankinds inhumanity in the atrocities that have been documented and offers some vestiges of hope in the individual acts of heroism that also have been uncovered.

San Jose Mercury News

Chang reminds us that however blinding the atrocities in Nanking may be, they are not forgettableat least without peril to civilization itself.

The Detroit News

A story that Chang recovers with raw urgency an important step towards recognition of this tragedy.

San Francisco Bay GuardianFOREWORD ON DECEMBER 13 1937 Nanking the capital city of Nationalist - photo 2

FOREWORD

ON DECEMBER 13, 1937, Nanking, the capital city of Nationalist China, fell to the Japanese. For Japan, this was to have been the decisive turning point in the war, the triumphant culmination of a half-year struggle against Chiang Kai-sheks armies in the Yangtze Valley. For Chinese forces, whose heroic defense of Shanghai had finally failed, and whose best troops had suffered crippling casualties, the fall of Nanking was a bitter, perhaps fatal defeat.

We may now think of Nanking as a turning point of a different sort. What happened within the walls of that old city stiffened Chinese determination to recover it and to expel the invader. The Chinese government retreated, regrouped, and ultimately outlasted Japan in a war that ended only in 1945. In those eight years Japan would occupy Nanking and set up a government of Chinese collaborators; but it would never rule with confidence or legitimacy, and it could never force Chinas surrender. To the larger world, the rape of Nankingas it was immediately calledturned public opinion against Japan in a way that little else could have.

That is still the case in China, where several generations have now been taught of Japans crimes and of its failure, to this day, to atone for them. Sixty years later, the ghosts of Nanking still haunt Chinese-Japanese relations.

Well they might. The Japanese sack of Chinas capital was a horrific event. The mass execution of soldiers and the slaughtering and raping of tens of thousands of civilians took place in contravention of all rules of warfare. What is still stunning is that it was public rampage, evidently designed to terrorize. It was carried out in full view of international observers and largely irrespective of their efforts to stop it. And it was not a temporary lapse of military discipline, for it lasted seven weeks. This is the terrible story that Iris Chang tells so powerfully in this first, full study in English of Nankings tragedy.

We may never know precisely what motivated Japanese commanders and troops to such bestial behavior. But Ms. Chang shows more clearly than any previous account just what they did. In doing so she employs a wide range of source materials, including the unimpeachable testimony of third-party observers: the foreign missionaries and businessmen who stayed in the defenseless city as the Japanese entered it. One such source that Ms. Chang has uncovered is the diaryreally a small archiveof John Rabe, the German businessman and National Socialist who led an international effort to shelter Nankings population. Through Rabes eyes we see the dread and courage of Nanjings inhabitants as they confront, defenseless, the Japanese onslaught. Through Ms. Changs account we appreciate the bravery of Rabe and others who tried to make a difference as the city was being burned and its inhabitants assaulted; as hospitals were closed and morgues filled; and as chaos reigned around them. We read, too, of those Japanese who understood what was happening, and felt shame.

The Rape of Nanking has largely been forgotten in the West, hence the importance of this book. In calling it a forgotten Holocaust, Ms. Chang draws connections between the slaughter in Europe and in Asia of millions of innocents during World War II. To be sure, Japan and Nazi Germany would only later become allies, and not very good allies at that. But the events at Nankingto which Hitler surely took no exceptionwould later make them moral co-conspirators, as violent aggressors, perpetrators of what would ultimately be called crimes against humanity. W. H. Auden, who visited the China war, made the connection earlier than most:

And maps can really point to places
Where life is evil now:
Nanking; Dachau.

WILLIAM C. KIRBY, Professor of Modern Chinese History and Chairman of the Department of History, Harvard University

INTRODUCTION

THE CHRONICLE of humankinds cruelty to fellow humans is a long and sorry tale. But if it is true that even in such horror tales there are degrees of ruthlessness, then few atrocities in world history compare in intensity and scale to the Rape of Nanking during World War II.

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