Virginia Woolf - The Waves

OXFORD WORLDS CLASSICS

THE WAVES

DAVID BRADSHAW is Professor of English Literature at Oxford University and a Fellow of Worcester College, Oxford. Among other volumes he has edited The Hidden Huxley, Waughs Decline and Fall, Fords The Good Soldier, Huxleys Brave New World, and the Cambridge Companion to E. M. Forster, as well as Oxford Worlds Classics editions of Lawrences Women in Love and Woolfs Mrs Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, The Mark on the Wall and Other Short Fiction, and Selected Essays. In addition he has edited A Concise Companion to Modernism (Blackwell, 2003) and, with Kevin J. H. Dettmar, A Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture (Blackwell, 2006). He is co-editor, with Rachel Potter, of Prudes on the Prowl: Fiction and Obscenity in England, 1850 to the Present Day (Oxford, 2013), and co-editor, with Laura Marcus and Rebecca Roach, of Moving Modernisms: Motion, Technology and Modernity (Oxford, 2015).

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OXFORD WORLDS CLASSICS

VIRGINIA WOOLF

The Waves

Edited with an Introduction and Notes by

DAVID BRADSHAW

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Biographical Preface Frank Kermode 1992

Editorial Material David Bradshaw 2015

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First published as a Worlds Classics paperback 1992

Reissued as an Oxford Worlds Classics paperback 1998, 2008

New edition 2015

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CONTENTS

VIRGINIA WOOLF was born Adeline Virginia Stephen on 25 January 1882 at 22 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington. Her father, Leslie Stephen, himself a widower, had married in 1878 Julia Jackson, widow of Herbert Duckworth. Between them they already had four children; a fifth, Vanessa, was born in 1879, a sixth, Thoby, in 1880. There followed Virginia and, in 1883, Adrian.

Both of the parents had strong family associations with literature. Leslie Stephen was the son of Sir James Stephen, a noted historian, and brother of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen, a distinguished lawyer and writer on law. His first wife was a daughter of Thackeray, his second had been an admired associate of the Pre-Raphaelites, and also, like her first husband, had aristocratic connections. Stephen himself is best remembered as the founding editor of the Dictionary of National Biography, and as an alpinist, but he was also a remarkable journalist, biographer, and historian of ideas; his History of English Thought in the Eighteenth Century (1876) is still of great value. No doubt our strongest idea of him derives from the character of Mr Ramsay in To the Lighthouse; for a less impressionistic portrait, which conveys a strong sense of his centrality in the intellectual life of the time, one can consult Nol Annans Leslie Stephen (revised edition, 1984).

Virginia had the free run of her fathers library, a better substitute for the public school and university education she was denied than most women of the time could aspire to; her brothers, of course, were sent to Clifton and Westminster. Her mother died in 1895, and in that year she had her first breakdown, possibly related in some way to the sexual molestation of which her half-brother George Duckworth is accused. By 1897 she was able to read again, and did so voraciously: Gracious, child, how you gobble, remarked her father, who, with a liberality and good sense at odds with the age in which they lived, allowed her to choose her reading freely. In other respects her relationship with her father was difficult; his deafness and melancholy, his excessive emotionalism, not helped by successive bereavements, all increased her nervousness.

Stephen fell ill in 1902 and died in 1904. Virginia suffered another breakdown, during which she heard the birds singing in Greek, a language in which she had acquired some competence. On her recovery she moved, with her brothers and sister, to a house in Gordon Square, Bloomsbury; there, and subsequently at several other nearby addresses, what eventually became famous as the Bloomsbury Group took shape.

Virginia had long considered herself a writer. It was in 1905 that she began to write for publication in the Times Literary Supplement. In her circle (more loosely drawn than is sometimes supposed) were many whose names are now half-forgotten, but some were or became famous: J. M. Keynes and E. M. Forster and Roger Fry; also Clive Bell, who married Vanessa, Lytton Strachey, who once proposed marriage to her, and Leonard Woolf. Despite much ill health in these years, she travelled a good deal, and had an interesting social life in London. She did a little adult-education teaching, worked for female suffrage, and shared the excitement of Roger Frys Post-Impressionist Exhibition in 1910. In 1912, after another bout of nervous illness, she married Leonard Woolf.

She was thirty, and had not yet published a book, though The Voyage Out was in preparation. It was accepted for publication by her half-brother Gerald Duckworth in 1913 (it appeared in 1915). She was often ill with depression and anorexia, and in 1913 attempted suicide. But after a bout of violent madness her health seemed to settle down, and in 1917 a printing press was installed at Hogarth House, Richmond, where she and her husband were living. The Hogarth Press, later an illustrious institution, but at first meant in part as therapy for Virginia, was now inaugurated. She began