Robert S. Yeats - Living With Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest

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title	:	Living With Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest
author	:	Yeats, Robert S.
publisher	:	Oregon State University Press
isbn10 | asin	:	0870714376
print isbn13	:	9780870714375
ebook isbn13	:	9780585279039
language	:	English
subject	Earthquake hazard analysis--Northwest, Pacific, Earthquakes--Safety measures.
publication date	:	1998
lcc	:	QE535.2.U6Y43 1998eb
ddc	:	363.34/9572/09795
subject	:	Earthquake hazard analysis--Northwest, Pacific, Earthquakes--Safety measures.

Page iii Living with Earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest by Robert S. Yeats

Page iv Cover: Downtown Klamath Falls, Oregon, after the earthquake of September 20, 1993. Automobile parked in front of Swan's Bakery was crushed by falling bricks from an unbraced parapet. Photo by Lou Sennick, Herald and News, Klamath Falls. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources and the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Living with earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest / Robert S. Yeats1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-87071-437-6 (alk. paper) 1. Earthquake hazard analysisNorthwest, Pacific. 2. EarthquakesSafety measures. I. Title. QE535.2.U6Y43 1998 363.34'9572'09795dc21 98-23913 CIP 1998 Robert S. Yeats All rights reserved. First edition 1998 Printed in the United States of America Oregon State University Press 101 Waldo Hall Corvallis OR 97331-6407 541-737-3166 fax 541-737-3170 osu.orst.edu/dept/pres

Page v "And ye shall flee to the valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah." Book of Zechariah 14:45, issuing the world's first earthquake forecast. The earthquake did not arrive until 31 B.C., about 500 years later.

Page vi CONTENTS Preface viii I. Introduction 1 II. Strained Rock: Where Earthquakes Are Likely to Strike 5 A Concept of Time 6 Plate Tectonics 13 The Origin of Earthquakes 22 The Subduction Zone: The Big One 39 Earthquakes in the Juan de Fuca Plate 63 Earthquakes in the Crust: Closer to Home 77 Memories of the Future: The Uncertain Art of Earthquake Forecasting 113 III. Shaky Ground and Big Waves 136 Solid Rock and Bowls of Jello 140 Tsunami! 161

Page vii IV. Prevention and Countermeasures 179 Earthquake Insurance: Hazards, Perils, Risks, and Losses 180 Is Your Home Ready for an Earthquake? 195 Earthquake Design of Large Structures 214 The Federal Government and Earthquakes 229 The Role of State and Local Government 250 Preparing for the Next Earthquake 271 An Uncertain Appointment with a Restless Earth 283 Glossary 287 Bibliography 294 Index 303

Page viii PREFACE At first, it was simply the excitement of a scientific discovery: that the Pacific Northwest, where I live, was wracked by great earthquakes in its recent past. During the 1980s, the U.S. Geological Survey held meetings and workshops to debate the possibility of catastrophic earthquakes beneath the magnificent mountains and verdant valleys of the land of Lewis and Clark. Then we held our own meeting in Oregon, and I became a convert. But after a while, I began to wonder whether it was more important to discuss earthquakes with my scientific colleagues or, instead, with my wife, my next-door neighbor, or the state legislature. This question solved itself when, following the recognition of future earthquake potential, the earthquakes themselves started to arrive: Loma Prieta, California, in 1989, two Oregon earthquakes in 1993, and Northridge, California, in 1994. I found myself on the Rolodexes of media reporters, and I became a media resource (make that "talking head"), usually before I knew the details of the earthquake I was asked to explain.

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