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Contents
Preface
If youve picked up this book, you know that to learn a language wellto read and write and to understand others and be understood yourselfat some point you just have to buckle down and deal with the grammar.
Spanish Grammar Drills, Second Edition will enable you to take charge of the grammar that you need to know Spanish well by providing you with plenty of writing drills that will reinforce your knowledge and enhance your ability to speak, read, and write with finesse. This book shows you how each grammatical structure functions with comprehensive descriptions and practical examples. The selection of varied exercises at the end of each chapter progresses from simple to more complex.
The last exercise in each is always a translation task, which will help you produce well-constructed Spanish sentences. The chapters are presented in an order that will help you organize your studies. They have been arranged so you will be able to make a logical progress toward developing more complex sentences. There are review units of the concepts encountered in the various chapters. The exercises in the reviews serve as an aid in determining which concepts you have learned well and which you might need to go over again. Answers to all the exercises are provided in the Answer Key.
You will find especially useful. They cover linking elements that are necessary for the construction of longer, more interesting sentences. Once youve worked your way through Spanish Grammar Drills, Second Edition, not only will you find yourself confidently on your way to fluency, but this book will remain a unique resource any time you need to clarify or review essential grammatical concepts.
1
Ser Versus Estar
Ser is connected with
what the subject is,
what the subject is like (or
usually looks like), and
who the subject is. It is therefore used to designate, describe, and refer to characteristics that are part of or typical of (inherent to) the subject:
Ser is also used to say
when or
where something takes place:
Estar refers to a situation or location:
The verb
To be in translates as
Estar:
Estar is also used with adjectives that refer to characteristics that are presumably temporary, to refer to looks or aspect at the moment of speaking, and in the construction of progressive tenses with the gerund:
Estar expresses a change in characteristics.
Ella es muy alta states only that
She is very tall.
Ella est muy alta implies that She has become very tall. Estar refers to situation at or around the moment of speaking. Soy soltero (I am unmarried) is my general situation; estoy soltero is my situation now. Casado (married) takes estar. Adjectives that end in -ing in English take
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