William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, ed. Frederick H. Burkhardt (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985), 407.
James, Varieties of Religious Experience , 134-35.
William James to Frank Abauzit, June 1, 1904; quoted in Appendix VI, in Varieties of Religious Experience, 508.
Quoted in The Letters of William James , ed. Henry James (Boston: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1920), vol. 1, 147-48 (my interpolations). The diary is in the William James Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Letters of William James , vol. 1, 147.
Ralph Barton Perry, The Thought and Character of William James (Boston: Little, Brown, 1935), vol. 1, 322, 324; vol. 2, 675.
Jacques Barzun, A Stroll with William James (New York: Harper & Row, 1983), 313.
Howard M. Feinstein, The Crisis of William James: A Revisionist View, Psychohistory Review 10 (1981): 80.
Henry James, Sr., to Henry James, n.d.; quoted in Jane Maher, Biography of Broken Fortunes: Wilkie and Bob, Brothers of William, Henry, and Alice James (Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books, 1986), 119.
Richard Poirier makes a case for this way of understanding the relative value of the two episodes in The Renewal of Literature: Emersonian Reflections (New York: Random House, 1987), 47-66. He relies on Feinsteins chronology, but his analysis does not, in fact, require it.
William James to Robertson James, April 17, 1870, The Correspondence of William James , ed. Ignas K. Skrupskelis and Elizabeth M. Berkeley (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992), vol. 4, 405.
William James to Robertson James, April 26, 1874, Correspondence of William James, vol. 4, 489.
William James to Charles Renouvier, November 2, 1872, Correspondence of William James , vol. 4, 430 (my translation).
William James to Robertson James, December 20, 1872, Correspondence of William James , vol. 4, 432.
Henry James, Sr., to Henry James, March 18, 1873, Letters of William James, vol. 1, 169. Reading Wordsworth had been John Stuart Mills therapy for his youthful depression, as James probably knew, since it is a prominent episode in Mills Autobiography .
Miscellaneous notes, William James Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, bMS Am 1092.9 (4473). Quoted by permission of the Houghton Library and Bay James.
Robert J. Richards, The Personal Equation in Science: William Jamess Psychological and Moral Uses of Darwinian Theory, Harvard Library Bulletin 30 (1980): 392 n20; a longer version of this article appears in Richardss Darwin and the Emergence of Evolutionary Theories of Mind and Behavior (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), 409-50. Andersons dissertation, William Jamess Depressive Period (18671872) and the Origins of His Creativity: A Psychobiographical Study, was written at the University of Chicago. He published an article on the subject, The Worst Kind of Melancholy: William James in 1869, in the same issue of the Harvard Library Bulletin, 36986. Alfred Kazin reports Murrays remark in God and the American Writer (New York: Knopf, 1997), 165. Kazins chapter on James first appeared in the Princeton University Chronicle in 1993.
I am grateful to Richard Lewontin and Leon Eisenberg for their assistance in making this inquiry. Eugene Taylor also attributes the denial of access to the James estate, rather than to the hospital; see Eugene Taylor, William James on Exceptional Mental States: The 1896 Lowell Lectures (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1984), 200 n19.
See Abraham Myerson and Rosalie Boyle, The Incidence of Manic-Depressive Psychosis in Certain Socially Important Families, American Journal of Psychiatry , July 1941, 19. I am grateful to Kay Redfield Jamison for pointing this article out to me.
Henry James, Notes of a Son and Brother (London: Macmillan, 1914), 254, 256.
R. W. B. Lewis, The Jameses: A Family Narrative (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1991), 188.
Cushing Strout, William James and the Twice-Born Sick Soul, Daedalus 97 (1968): 1067. Strout later said that he had been given the idea about James and masturbation by Erik Erikson; see The Strange Case of William James: An Exchange, New York Review of Books , April 8, 1999, 76.
Sander L. Gilman, Disease and Representation: Images of Illness from Madness to AIDS (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988), 74-78.
See Gary Scharnhorst, A Literary Biography of William Rounseville Alger (18221905): A Neglected Member of the Concord Circle (Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen, 1990), 12326. Oddly enough, Scharnhorst, too, took Henry Jamess word for it that the Alger mentioned in the letter quoted in Notes of a Son and Brother was Horatio, and he constructed a complicated theory that Horatio was a ghostwriter on the biography of Forrest. See Gary Scharnhorst, A Note on the Life of Algers Life of Edwin Forrest , Theatre Studies 23 (1976-77): 53-55; and Gary Scharnhorst and Jack Bales, The Lost Life of Horatio Alger, Jr. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), in which the Brewster incident is discussed.
Henry Maudsley, Body and Mind : An Inquiry into Their Connection and Mutual Influence, Specifically in Reference to Mental Disorders (London: Macmillan, 1870), 86.
Alexander Bain, The Emotions and the Will (1859), 4th ed. (London: Longmans, Green, 1899), 443, 44142.
Miscellaneous notes, William James Papers, bMS Am 1092.9 (4473). Quoted by permission of the Houghton Library and Bay James. Perry quoted from the Pomfret notes, but he deleted, without ellipsis, the sentences containing the references to B.W. James sometimes seems to have used a note pad, rather than his diary notebook, to record his thoughts during the period from 1870 to 1873; a few sheets survive, though they are almost never mentioned in works on James. Only one other page, besides the 1869 and the October 21, 1872, notes I have already referred to, is dated (May 16, 1873); none contains pertinent biographical information. In a letter to his wife, in which several of the notes are enclosed, James refers to them as having been written during his pessimistic crisis.
Henry James to Mary James, November 21, 1869, Henry James, Letters: Volume 1 , 18431875, ed. Leon Edel (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974), 17273.
The editors of The Correspondence of William James , noting this gap, claim that an additional letter does survive from this period, a note to John Gray dated January 4, 1872. But since the note congratulates Gray on his engagement, and the marriage took place in June 1873, James probably (as often happens around the turn of the year) misdated it. He also mentions that his brother Wilkie, who, like Robertson, lived in Milwaukee, was visiting the James home in Cambridge. That visit took place around New Years Day 1873. It is worth noting that James suffered from eye trouble all his adult life, and was often unable to write. After he married, his wife transcribed many of his letters from his dictation. There is some evidence that his eye problems were particularly severe during the period from which we have no letters.
Henry James, Society the Redeemed Form of Man, and the Earnest of Gods Omnipotence in Human Nature (Boston: Houghton, Osgood, 1879), 43.
William James, Notebook Y, 186667 Medical School Notes, Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Quoted by permission of the Countway Library and Bay James.