Roberts - Landscapes, Documents and Maps: Villages in Northern England and Beyond, AD 900-1250

Settlement Types in Durham after Kapelle (1979, 27980, ns. 5158).

Bondage vills of the Butterwick type:

Butterwick; Binchester; Herrrington; Hutton; Oxenhall; Sheraton; Urpath; West Auckland.

Bondage vills apparently lacking drengs: Brafferton; Iveston; Little Burdon; Lutterington; Mainsforth; Tursdale.

Vills with malmen:

Carlton; Morton; Newton by Boldon; Redworth; Wardon.

Centres of groups of bondage vills in days gone by:

Crawcrook; Great Usworth; the vills of Heighingtonshire; Lanchester; Witton; and perhaps Stanhope.

Boldon type villages:

Cleadon and Whitburn; Easington and Thorpe; Hartburn; Middleham and Cornforth; North Sherburn, Shadforth and Cassop; Norton, Preston, Ryhope and Burdon; Sedgefield; Shotton; Stockton; Wearmouth and Tunstall; Whickham may also have been a Boldon vill.

Non-Boldon Type manors where the villeins did week work:

Haughton; New Ricknall, Whessoe; North Auckland, Escomb and Newton (Cap) have defective descriptions.

Villages with Cottars owing week work Houghton; Little Coundon; Newbottle.

Settlement Types in Durham after Lapsley (VCH II, 270, 271, 272, 289)

Pastoral vills (based upon payment of cornage);

Chester Ward : Boldon, Newton, Cleadon, Whitburn, Whickham, Crawcrook, Great Usworth,

Easington Ward : Wearmouth, Tunstall, Ryhope, Burdon, Easington, Thorpe, Shotton, North Sherburn, Shadforth, Cassop, Herrington, Hutton (Henry), Sheraton

Stockton Ward : Sedgefield, Middleham, Cornforth, Norton, Stockton, Hartburn, Preston, Butterwick

Darlington Ward : Heighington, Killerby, Middridge, Thickley, North Auckland, Escomb, Newton, West Auckland, Brafferton, Binchester

Bedlingtonshire : Bedlington, West Sleckburn, Netherton, Choppington, Cambois, East Sleckburn Also possibly including Whitwell, Herrington, Sheraton (VCH, 272, note 2)

Note: The vills of Bedlingtonshire seem to have compounded for many or most of the Boldon services (in fact there is no evidence to prove they ever owed these precise services). North and West Auckland with Newton and Escomb had certain obligations that place them half way between the Boldon and Stanhope types.

Agricultural vills , (so described because of an absence of cornage payments): Darlington, Blackwell, Cockerton, Great Haughton and Whessoe.

Forest vills (characterised by service at the great hunt):

Darlington Ward : Stanhope, North Auckland, Escomb, Newton Chester Ward : Lanchester, Iveston, Marley, Britley (Birtley), Tribley, Holmside

Vills held by knight service or in free alms:

Pencher, Edderacres, Trimdon, Muggleswick, Byermore (not Ryermore), Farnacres.

Fractional knights fee:

Ulkills Biddick, (Bedlingtonshire: Tillmouth, Heton, Twysell, Duddoe)

Drengage vills:

Plawsworth, Little Usworth, Washington, Little Burdon, Twizell, Heworth, Oxenhall, Thickley, (Newton), Lutterington, Henknoll, Cornsay, Edmondbyers, Hunstanworth, Herrington, Sheraton.

Fee farm, by favour or upon sufferance:

Newton by Durham, Pelaw, Picktree, Newton by Boldon, Hardwick, Grindon, Ketton, Hunwick, Frosterley, Heley (Healey), Migley, Langley, Smallees, Stella

Money payment only:

Chester, School Aycliffe, Old Thickley, Harperley, Medomsley, Edmondsley, Crook, Pokerley, Newsham, Barford, Hulam, (in Bedlingtonshire: Cornhill, Newbiggin, Upsetlington [Ladykirk] )

Boroughs

Durham, Wearmouth (Sunderland), Gateshead, Darlington, (Bedlingtonshire: Norham); Chester le Street, Stockton and Auckland are of later creation (VCH II, 306309)

Notes:

• 1. In spite of Offlers criticisms (Offler 1996, XII) David Austins suggested re-arrangement (Boldon Book, Appendix I, 73) provides an important foundation for further work, with the designations below as Block {I},{II},{III},{IV}, indicating the sections making up the restructured sequence and (a), (b), (c), or (d) noting the original arrangement (Austin 89 and 73).
• 2. On the assumption that the original substance of Boldon Book reflected the existence of spatially coherent village groupings rather than a random orderand there are internal signs that this is indeed the casethe sequential list created by this rearrangement was then progressively subdivided, to try to isolate likely coherent settlement groups. These are designated by geographical terms.