Routledge. - The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarchaeology of Human Conflict

THE ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF THE BIOARCHAEOLOGY OF HUMAN CONFLICT

If human burials were our only window onto the past, what story would they tell? Skeletal injuries constitute the most direct and unambiguous evidence for violence in the past. Whereas weapons or defences may simply be statements of prestige or status and written sources are characteristically biased and incomplete, human remains offer clear and unequivocal evidence of physical aggression reaching as far back as we have burials to examine.

Warfare is often described as senseless and as having no place in society. Consequently, its place in social relations and societal change remains obscure. The studies in The Routledge Handbook of the Bioarchaeology of Human Conflict present an overview of the nature and development of human conflict from prehistory to recent times as evidenced by the remains of past people, in order to explore the social contexts in which such injuries were inflicted. A broadly chronological approach is taken from prehistory through to recent conflicts; however, this book is not simply a catalogue of injuries illustrating weapon development or a narrative detailing progress in warfare but rather provides a framework in which to explore both continuity and change based on a range of important themes that hold continuing relevance throughout human development.

Christopher Knsel is Associate Professor in Bioarchaeology in the Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter. Works include Blood Red Roses: The Archaeology of a Mass Grave from Towton, AD 1461 (co-ed., 2000, 2007), Social Archaeology of Funerary Remains (co-ed., 2006) and Velim: Violence and Death in Bronze Age Bohemia (2007), co-authored with Anthony Harding, Radka umberov and Alan Outram. He is currently working on Funerary Archaeology: A Bioarchaeological Synthesis and serves as Co-Head of the Human Remains Team at Neolithic atalhyk (Turkey).

Martin J. Smith is Senior Lecturer in Forensic and Biological Anthropology in the School of Applied Sciences, Bournemouth University. He recently published the first book to deal specifically with human remains from Neolithic Britain: People of the Long Barrows: Life, Death and Burial in the Earlier Neolithic, co-authored with Megan Brickley (2009). He has also authored a range of papers dealing with aspects of burial practice, post-mortem damage to the skeleton and the recognition of violent injuries to human bone.

First published 2014

by Routledge

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2014 Christopher Knsel and Martin J. Smith for selection and editorial matter; individual contributions, the contributors.

The right of Maria Drakopoulou to be identifi ed as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

The Routledge handbook of the bioarchaeology of human conflict / edited by Christopher Knsel, Martin Smith.

pages cm

Includes bibliographical references and index.

1. Human remains (Archaeology) 2. War woundsHistory. 3. Wounds and injuriesHistory. 4. War and societyHistory. 5. ViolenceHistory. 6. Funeral rites and ceremoniesHistory. I. Knsel, Christopher, author, editor of compilation. II. Smith, Martin, 1971- author, editor of compilation. III. Title: Handbook of the bioarchaeology of human conflict.

CC79.H85R68 2013

930.1dc23

2013027922

ISBN: 978-0-415-84219-8 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-88336-6 (ebk)

Typeset in Bembo

by Cenveo Publisher Services

Christopher Knsel and Martin J. Smith

Douglas H. Ubelaker and Kristin M. Montaperto

Mary E. Lewis

Virginia Hutton Estabrook and David W. Frayer

Bonnie Glencross and Basak Boz

Martin J. Smith

Linda Fibiger

Ute Brinker, Stefan Flohr, Jrgen Piek and Jrg Orschiedt

A. Gaynor Western and J. Derek Hurst

Sarah S. King

Rebecca Redfern

Katie Tucker

Anna Kjellstrm

Piers D. Mitchell

Christopher Knsel

Eric J. Bartelink, Valerie A. Andrushko, Viviana I. Bellifemine, Irina Nechayev and Robert Jurmain

Patricia M. Lambert

Tiffiny A. Tung

John W. Verano

Kenneth C. Nystrom and J. Marla Toyne

Haagen Klaus

Jerome S. Cybulski

Rachel Schats, Lisette M. Kootker, Rob Hermsen, Gareth R. Davies and Menno L. P. Hoogland

Joachim Wahl and Carola Berszin

Katrien Van de Vijver and Frank Kinnaer

Olivier Dutour and Alexandra Buzhilova

Ceridwen Boston

Shannon A. Novak

Heather Bonney

Louise Loe, Caroline Barker and Richard Wright

Rimantas Jankauskas, ydrn. Miliauskien. and Albinas Kunceviius

Luis Ros, Almudena Garca-Rubio, Berta Martnez, Lourdes Herrasti and Francisco Etxeberria

Roxana Ferllini

Christopher Knsel and Martin J. Smith

Valerie A. Andrushko is an Associate Professor in the Department of Anthropology at Southern Connecticut State University. She received her BA (1998) from the University of California, Berkeley, and her MA (2003) and PhD (2007) from the University of California, Santa Barbara. Since 1999, she has led a regional research programme on prehistoric human burials from Cuzco, Peru, the ancient capital of the Inca Empire. Her recent articles include Skeletal evidence for Inca warfare from the Cuzco region of Peru (with Elva Torres, 2011), Prehistoric trepanation in the Cuzco region of Peru: a view into an ancient andean Practice (with John Verano, 2008) and Strontium isotope evidence for prehistoric migration at Chokepukio, Valley of Cuzco, Peru (with Michele Buzon et al., 2009). Along with her longstanding research program in Cuzco, she has also investigated trophy-taking among prehistoric groups in California (Trophy-taking and dismemberment as warfare strategies in prehistoric central California, with Al Schwitalla et al., 2010).

Caroline Barker is an independent forensic anthropologist and archaeologist. Originally from a traditional archaeology and osteology background, during the late 1990s she worked in a forensic capacity with the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (UN ICTY). This foundation experience developed into an international career spanning the past 15 years, working in forensics and human rights for the UN, non-governmental organizations and as an independent consultant in Guatemala, East Timor, UK, Sri Lanka and Malaysia. She was a key author in the development of forensic anthropology protocols and standards in The Scientific Investigation of Mass Graves