Acknowledgments
THE FORMAL research associated with this book covers a period of ten years, preceded by over a decade of advanced practice and experience in various classical meditative systems and, independently, involvement in a variety of martial arts. Through practice, academic investigations, and personal relationships , I have benefited from interactions with a wide array of practitioners from various martial arts, meditation teachers, academicians, language specialists, and other individuals from divergent backgrounds. Without the cooperation of these people, this work would not have reached its present form. To all of them, I am most grateful for their assistance. Final evaluations of information included in this work as well as positions taken to the subject matter, however, remain my own, and hence, I bear the responsibility for any inaccuracies contained within.
To begin, no writing would have been possible without the practitioners and teachers of various martial arts and the written sources and oral traditions associated with their practices. For their respective contributions, I am especially indebted to the following people: Lokendra Arambam, Dionisio Caete, William Cheung, Wai Lun Choi, Ken Cohen, Fred Degerberg, John DeJong, James W. De Mile, Gladson de Oliveira Silva, Paul de Thouars, Steven K. Dowd, Bob Duggan, Leo Fong, Michael Fox, Kahn Foxx, Robert Frazer, Leo T. Gaje, Jr., Jesse Glover, Jane Hallander, Paul Harper, Ed Hart, Stephen K. Hayes, Adam Hsu, Joe Hyams, Shishir Inocalla, Dan Inosanto, Suryadi (Eddy) Jafri, Halford E. Jones, Thomas Kelham, Nongmaithem Khilton, Chang Sik Kim, Maria Rowe Kim, Taky Kimura, Ben Largusa, Joo Bang Lee, Benjamin Pang Jeng Lo, A1 McLuckie, Peter Moy, John P. Painter, Marcello Pereira, Jhoon Rhee, R. K. Priya Gopal Sana, Guido Schauer, C. Mohammed Sherif, Sang Kyu Shim, Surachai Sirisute, John Stewart, and In Hyuk Suh. To this list of practitioners, I add my gratitude to my first instructors in the martial arts: Jeffirey Baker, Dale Pfeiffer, and Clayton Cortes.
A number of scholars from a variety of divergent disciplines have assisted in tracking down elusive writings, clarifying ambiguous issues, or generally outlining position statements within their respective area of study. For their assistance, I wish to thank the following individuals: Ben Anderson, Olfar Bragason, Don Calhoun, Larry Chalip, Nancy Cirllo, Jonathan Cohen, Jean Comaroff, Richard T. Curley, Edward Dimock, Jr., Clifford Geertz, Paul Griffiths, Herbert Guenther, H. Isler, Rev. Jikai (Choffy), Chong Sun Kim, Winston L. King, Kinoshita Hide-aki, Joseph Kitagawa, T. C. Koh, Stanley Krippner, Ya-Guang Liu, Michael J. Mahoney, Niels Mulder, Lati Rinbochay, Arion Rosu, Brent S. Rushall, John M. Silva III, Michael Smith, Frits Staal, Paul Stange, Brendall Suyenobu, Uzawa Yoshiyuki, Robert Weinberg, Rhea White, and L. R. T. Williams.
Additional thanks and attention are due those individuals who have combined practice with academic and research investigations: Daniel Amos, Hunter (Chip) Armstrong, Jerry Beasley, Hiltxud Cordes, Catherine Evleshin, Bernard Faure, Arnold M. Golub, David A. Hall, Lester Ingber, Alan James, He-Young Kimm, Ken Kushner, Donald Levine, J. Lowell Lewis, Patrick Lineberger, Dave Lowry, Dirk Mosig, Thomas Nardi, V. Pandian, Howard Pashenz, Mike Sayama, Robert W. Smith, Hardy Stockmann, Shizuo Tanaka, Eugene Taylor, Dwight Tkatschow, Michael Trulson, David B. Waterhouse, Douglas Wile, Mark V. Wiley, and Phillip Zarrilli.
I am indebted to those individuals with a background or specialization in many of the foreign languages included in this text who often gave generously of their time, assisting me in translating and verifying esoteric and highly specialized terms, and further adapting their written form to acceptable standards of romanization: William J. Alspaugh, Idelma Baro, Olfar Bragason, Suk-In Chang, John Chathanatt, Gay Young Cho, Kong Kyu Choo, Bruce Craig, Inge de la Camp, Lollie Delrosario, Michael A. DeMarco, June Farris, Cai Fung-Pei, Vijayara-ni Fedson, Linda Fernandez, Jeanne Harbour, Scott Edward Harrison, Mulyadi Kartanegara, Sri Sadeli Kuhns, Tai-Loi Ma, Juni Manow, Steven Michaud, Christa Modschiedler, Linda Moore, Eizaburo Oku-izumi, Halyna Pankiw, Maureen Patterson, Robert A. Petersen, Lili Rabel-Heymann, Clarita Raghunanan, A. K. Ramanujan, Frank Rey-nolds, Mani Reynolds, Rod Rojas, Somi Roy, Martha Selby, Paul Sprach-man, Jaroslav Stetkevych, Parichart Suwanbubbha, Beth Vinkler, Doug Wile, Young-Jin Yang, and Tim Wong.
Additional assistance was also provided by Norman Borine, Steve Diamond, Steve Donovan, Marshall Frankel, Lilia Howe, Jason Kaplan, Linda Lee, James Nail, Iris P. Sachs, Sandra Segal, and Geri Simon.
Special thanks also go to Barbara Vaughan who initially urged me, with some prodding at the early stages of speculation, to commit my findings, observations, and experiential insights to print. Finally, I am indebted to Michael A. DeMarco for publishing an earlier academic version of this work and Mark V. Wiley who assisted in the final preparation of this text.
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