Gary Scheiner - Think like a pancreas : a practical guide to managing diabetes with insulin

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Copyright 2004, 2012, 2020 by Gary Scheiner

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Previously published by Da Capo Lifelong: 2004, 2012

First Hachette Go edition: May 2020

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ISBNs: 978-0-7382-4668-0 (trade paperback), 978-0-7382-4669-7 (ebook)

E3-20200415-JV-NF-ORI

Table 3-1. Meet the Diabeteses

Diabetes Type: Type 1

Cause(s): autoimmune attack on beta cells of the pancreas

Treatment Options: insulin

Diabetes Type: Type 2

Cause(s): insulin resistance and progressive beta cell insufficiency

Treatment Options: lifestyle changes

Treatment Options: oral medications

Treatment Options: noninsulin injectables

Treatment Options: insulin

Diabetes Type: Gestational

Cause(s): temporary insulin resistance

Treatment Options: lifestyle changes

Treatment Options: insulin

Diabetes Type: LADA

Cause(s): partial autoimmune attack on beta cells and some insulin resistance

Treatment Options: insulin

Treatment Options: possibly noninsulin diabetes medications in the early stages

Diabetes Type: Neonatal

Cause(s): monogenic defect limiting beta cells ability to make insulin

Treatment Options: insulin

Diabetes Type: MODY

Cause(s): monogenic defect limiting beta cells ability to make insulin

Treatment Options: lifestyle changes

Treatment Options: oral medications

Treatment Options: noninsulin injectables

Treatment Options: insulin

Table 3-2. Major Factors Affecting Blood Sugar

Raise Blood Sugar: Food

Lower Blood Sugar: Physical Activity

Raise Blood Sugar: The Liver

Lower Blood Sugar: Insulin

Raise Blood Sugar: Stress Hormones

Lower Blood Sugar: Other Diabetes Medications

Table 3-4. Simple Versus Complex Carbohydrates

Foods Rich in Sugar (Simple Carbohydrates)

fruit

fruit juice

raisins/dried fruit

regular soda

sports drinks

candy

chocolate

cookies and cakes

pies and pastries

muffins

milk

ice cream

yogurt

smoothies

table sugar

honey

syrup

jelly

corn syrup

Foods Rich in Starch (Complex Carbohydrates)

potatoes

rice

noodles/pasta

cereal

oatmeal

bread

crackers

bagels

pizza

tortillas

pancakes

waffles

beans

peas

corn

pretzels

chips

popcorn

matzah

Table 3-5. Secondary Factors That Can Influence Blood Sugar Levels

Tend to Raise Blood Sugar

(vertical) growth

pubertal hormones

menstrual hormones

later stages of pregnancy

rebounds from hypoglycemia

gradual loss of beta cell function (type 2)

exiting the honeymoon period (type 1)

polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

depression

weight gain

premenstrual hormones

excessive sleeping

caffeine

steroid medications

anti-psychotic medications

diuretics

estrogen

niacin

Tend to Lower Blood Sugar

alcohol

heat/humidity

intense brain work

previous intense exercise

new/unusual surroundings

socializing

stimulating environments

early stages of pregnancy

beta blockers

MAO inhibitors

nicotine patches

Ritalin

high altitude

depression treatment

postmenstrual hormone changes

Table 4-1. HbA1c and Average Glucose

A1c (Standard):