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Edward Alsworth Ross - The Old World in the New

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Edward Alsworth Ross The Old World in the New
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Edward Alsworth Ross - The Old World in the New
The Old World in the New
Edward Alsworth Ross
The Old World in the New

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THE OLD WORLD
IN THE NEW
towards
Towards the New World
THE OLD WORLD
IN THE NEW

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PAST AND PRESENT
IMMIGRATION TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
BY
EDWARD ALSWORTH ROSS, Ph.D. , LL.D.
Professor of Sociology in the University of Wisconsin
Author of "Social Control," "Social Psychology,"
"The Changing Chinese," "Changing
America," Etc.
ILLUSTRATED WITH
MANY PHOTOGRAPHS
logo
NEW YORK
THE CENTURY CO.
1914
Copyright, 1913, 1914, by
The Century Co.
Published, October, 1914
PREFACE
"Immigration," said to me a distinguished social worker and idealist, "is a wind that blows democratic ideas throughout the world. In a Siberian hut from which four sons had gone forth to America to seek their fortune, I saw tacked up a portrait of Lincoln cut from a New York newspaper. Even there they knew what Lincoln stood for and loved him. The return flow of letters and people from this country is sending an electric thrill through dwarfed, despairing sections of humanity. The money and leaders that come back to these down-trodden peoples inspire in them a great impulse toward liberty and democracy and progress. Time-hallowed Old-World oppressions and exploitations that might have lasted for generations will perish in our time, thanks to the diffusion by immigrants of American ideas of freedom and opportunity."
Rapt in these visions of benefit to belated humanity, my friend refused to consider any possible harm of immigration to this country. He did not doubt it so much as ignore it. How should the well-being of a nation be balanced against a blessing to humanity?
"Think what American chances mean to these poor people!" urged a large-hearted woman in settlement work. "Thousands make shipwreck, other thousands are disappointed, but tens of thousands do realize something of the better, larger life they had dreamed of. Who would exclude any of them if he but knew what a land of promise America is to the poor of other lands?" Her sympathy with the visible alien at the gate was so keen that she had no feeling for the invisible children of our poor, who will find the chances gone, nor for those at the gate of the To-be, who might have been born, but will not be.
I am not of those who consider humanity and forget the nation, who pity the living but not the unborn. To me, those who are to come after us stretch forth beseeching hands as well as the masses on the other side of the globe. Nor do I regard America as something to be spent quickly and cheerfully for the benefit of pent-up millions in the backward lands. What if we become crowded without their ceasing to be so? I regard it as a nation whose future may be of unspeakable value to the rest of mankind, provided that the easier conditions of life here be made permanent by high standards of living, institutions and ideals, which finally may be appropriated by all men. We could have helped the Chinese a little by letting their surplus millions swarm in upon us a generation ago; but we have helped them infinitely more by protecting our standards and having something worth their copying when the time came.
Edward Alsworth Ross.
The University of Wisconsin,
Madison, Wisconsin,
September, 1914.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
PAGE
THE ORIGINAL MAKE-UP OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
Traits of the Puritan stockElements in the peopling of VirginiaThe indentured servants and convictsPurification by free landThe HuguenotsThe GermansThe Scotch-IrishRuling motives in the peopling of the New WorldSelective agenciesThe toll of the seaThe sifting by the wildernessThe impress of the frontierHow an American Breed aroseIts traits.
CHAPTER II
THE CELTIC IRISH
The great lullThe Hibernian tideWhy it has run lowEffects on IrelandIrish-Americans in the struggle for existenceTheir improvidence and unthriftWhy they lacked the economic virtuesDrink their worst foeTheir small criminalityLoyalty to wife and childTheir occupational preferencesTheir rapid riseTheir rank in intellectual contributionCeltic traitsPlace of the Irish in American society.
CHAPTER III
THE GERMANS
Volume and causes of the German freshetWhy it has ceasedDistribution of the Germans in AmericaDeutschtum vs. assimilationThe "Forty-eighters"Influence of the Germans on our farming, on our drinking, on our attitude toward recreationPolitical tendencies of German votersThe Germans as pathbreakers for intellectual libertyTheir success in the struggle for existenceModeration in alcoholism and in crimePreferred occupationsTeutonic traitsEffect of the German infusion on the temper of the American people.
CHAPTER IV
THE SCANDINAVIANS
The size of the Scandinavian waveDistribution of this element in the United StatesSocial characteristicsCrime and alcoholismOccupational choicesReadiness of assimilationReaction to AmericaNational contrasts among ScandinaviansIntellectual ratingRace traitsMoral and political significance of the Scandinavians.
CHAPTER V
THE ITALIANS
Causes of the Italian outflowDistribution of ItaliansSocial characteristicsBroad contrast between North Italians and South ItaliansOccupationsAgricultural settlementsFreedom from alcoholismGamingAddiction to violenceCamorra and Mafia in AmericaDifficulties in dealing with Italian immigrantsTheir mental ratingTraits of characterThe Italians as a social
element.
CHAPTER VI
THE SLAVS
Place of the Slavs in historyLateness of their awakeningSize of the Slav groups in AmericaOccupational tendencies of the Slavic immigrantsDistributionAlcoholismCriminalitySubjection of womenExtraordinary fecundityDisplacement of other elementsResistance to AmericanizationClannishnessSocial characteristics of Slav settlementsIndustrial segregationMental ratingProspects of Slavic immigration.
CHAPTER VII
THE EAST EUROPEAN HEBREWS
One-fifth of the Hebrew race in America"The Promised Land"Hebrew interest in free immigrationWaves of Russo-Hebrew immigrationOccupational preferencesMoralsCrimeRace traitsIntellectualityPersistence of willGrowth of Anti-Semitism in AmericaCausesProspectsWhy America is a powerful solvent of JudaismSigns of Assimilation.
CHAPTER VIII
THE LESSER IMMIGRANT GROUPS
African, Saracen and Mongolian blood in our immigrantsThe FinnsMotives and characteristicsPolitical aptitudePatriotismThe MagyarsSocial condition and traitsThe PortugueseOrigin and volume of the Portuguese influxDistributionIndustrial and social characteristicsResistance to assimilationThe GreeksImmigration from Greece purely economicDistribution and occupational preferencesSerfdom of Greek bootblacksThe LevantinesRacial and social characteristics.
CHAPTER IX
ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF IMMIGRATION
Stimulators of migrationThe commercial interests behind the movementThe new immigrant as an industrial toolHow tariff protection coupled with the open door augment the manufacturer's profitsEffect of the new immigration upon the cost of living, upon agricultural methodsShall the penniless immigrant be helped to get upon the landThe utilization of foreign labor to break strikesThe foreign laborer as a hindrance to unionismEffect upon wages and conditionsIs the foreigner indispensableImmigrant women doing men's workFate of the displaced AmericanImmigration and crisesThe inevitable rise of social pressureWho bears the brunt?
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