Wass John - Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes 3e

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinologyand Diabetes Oxford Textbook of Endocrinologyand Diabetes THIRD EDITION Volume 1: Sections 16 EDITED BY John A.H. WassProfessor of Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oxford Centre for Diabetes,Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UKWiebke ArltWilliam Withering Chair of Medicine, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University ofBirmingham; Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners,Birmingham, UKRobert K. SempleProfessor of Translational Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh Centre for CardiovascularScience, Queens Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Oxford University Press 2022 Chapters 6.14 and 14.3.2 National Institutes of Health 2022 The Authors contribution to the Work was done as part of the Authors official duties as a NIH employee and is a Work of the United States Government. Therefore, copyright may not be established in the United States (Chapters 6.14 and 14.3.2).

The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2002 Second Edition published in 2011 Third Edition published in 2022 Impression: 1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2021951488 Volume 1 ISBN 978 0 19 880232 7 Volume 2 ISBN 9780198870180 Pack ISBN 9780198870197 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198802327.001.0001 Printed in Great Britain by Bell & Bain Ltd., Glasgow Oxford University Press makes no representation, express or implied, that the drug dosages in this book are correct. Readers must therefore always check the product information and clinical procedures with the most up- to- date published product information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes of conduct and safety regulations. The authors and the publishers do not accept responsibility or legal liability for any errors in the text or for the misuse or misapplication of material in this work. Except where otherwise stated, drug dosages and recommendations are for the non- pregnant adult who is not breast- feeding Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only.

Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work. Preface It is now over a hundred and seventy years since Arnold Berthold the science and practice of endocrinology. Elsewhere, other sections demonstrated that endocrine glands convey their effects via the have also been enlarged to capture exciting developments in bloodstream and a hundred and ten years since the word hormone subspeciality practice, with separate sections now devoted to endo-was coined by Ernest Starling. Amazingly, it is just under a hun crine disease in pregnancy and transgender endocrinology. dred years since one of the nascent specialtys most spectacular The diabetes section has been extensively reorganised to reflect Nobel Prize- winning triumphs, the purification and use of insulin rapid advances in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of to transform Type I diabetes from a rapidly fatal wasting disease diabetes, step changes in the sophistication of technologies used of childhood into a manageable chronic condition. Similarly, sev-for metabolic monitoring and insulin delivery, and innovations in enty years ago the Nobel Prize recognised the life- saving impact immunotherapy, behaviour- focused and cell- based therapies.

New of glucocorticoids both for patients with adrenal insufficiency and chapters are devoted to current urgent responses to diabetes as a as immunosuppressive therapy for chronic inflammatory disease. public health and economic challenge. Since then endocrinology has continued to ride the crest of a wave Fascination in the science underlying endocrinology continues of technological advances, most prominent recently in areas such to endure, and clinical endocrinologists have an ever more sophis-as molecular genetics, imaging, immunotherapy and rational drug ticated ability to transform the length and quality of life of those design. with hormone- related diseases. This book aims both to il uminate The first edition of the Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology & the emerging scientific concepts that underlie endocrinology, and Diabetes was published in 2002. geoning obesity and by population ageing. geoning obesity and by population ageing.

The spectrum of We are very grateful indeed to our national and international col endocrinology has been further broadened by the increasing use leagues who have kindly, expertly and cerebral y contributed to all of immunomodulatory therapies with endocrine complications, sections. We are proud of this magnum opus and thank them sin-evolving patterns of recreational drug use impacting endocrine cerely for their significant efforts. systems, and widespread exposure to endocrine disrupting chem We also thank Claire Brankin, James Oates and Helen Liepman icals. The therapeutic armamentarium of the endocrinologist has from Oxford University Press who have expertly and efficiently also expanded at pace, not only through development of novel small guided us through this whole process. molecule and biological therapies, but also through step changes in This book should be available to every endocrinologist, trainee e- technology and their application to chronic disease management and researcher and we hope that it provides as much enjoyment and and precision medicine. intellectual satisfaction in the reading as it did in putting it together.

We now comprehensively update the second edition of the Textbook published in 2012. The expanded first part of the book is John A.H. Wass devoted to overview chapters focusing on principles underpinning Wiebke Arlt Robert K. Semple ContentsVolume 1 viii Contents Contents ix x Contents Contents xi Volume 2Section editor: Bulent Okan YildizSection editor: Peter ClaytonChristopher R. McCartney and John C. MarshallTerhi Piltonen and Juha TapanainenGary ButlerGurkan Bozdag, Baris Ata, and Engin TrkgeldiAlexander A.L.

Jorge, Fernanda A. Correa,and Renata C. ScalcoAnita C.S. Hokken- KoelegaRachel E. Roberts, Steve Franks, and Channa JayasenaDaniel Dumesic and Zain Al- SafiSteven Chernausek and Minu GeorgeLars Svendahl and Emelie BenyiSarah L. BergaJulian Davis and Agnieszka wicickaDeepthi Lavu, Radha Indusekhar,Olaf Hiort and Ralf Werner