Williams - Middle Kingdom 2 Vol Set

This work by S. Wells Williams is a complete look at the Chinese Empire during the mid-nineteenth century. Subjects include the divisions of the Empire, geographical descriptions, religion and art, literature, the second war between Great Britain and China and social life among the Chinese.

www.keganpaul.com

WANDERINGS IN CHINA
Robert Fortune

VILLAGE LIFE IN CHINA
Arthur H. Smith

CHINA
Mortimer Menpes and Henry Arthur Blake

SOCIAL LIFE OF THE CHINESE
Justus Doolittle

RULERS OF CHINA
A. C. Moule

BEYOND THE GOLDEN LOTUS
Ko Lien Hua Ying

JADE
Berthold Laufer

THE GOLDEN PEACHES OF SAMARKAND
Edward H. Schafer

OLD BUDDHA
Der Ling

SUN TZU ON THE ART OF WAR
Lionel Giles

THINGS CHINESE
J. Ball Dyer

TWO YEARS IN THE FORBIDDEN CITY
Der Ling

THE MIDDLE KINGDOM, VOL. 1 & 2
S. Wells Williams

A SURVEY OF THE GEOGRAPHY, GOVERNMENT,
LITERATURE, SOCIAL LIFE, ARTS AND HISTORY OF THE
CHINESE EMPIRE AND ITS INHABITANTS

VOLUME II

BY
S. WELLS WILLIAMS

KEGAN PAUL
London New York Bahrain

First published in 2005 by
Kegan Paul Limited
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Tel: (212) 459 0600 Fax: (212) 459 3678
Internet: http://www.columbia.edu/cu/cup

Kegan Paul, 2005

Printed in Great Britain

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ISBN: 0-7103-1167-2

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Applied for.

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Tenure of land in China; Agricultural utensils; Horse-shoeing; Cultivation of rice; Terraces and methods of irrigation; Manner of using manure; Hemp, the mulberry, sugar, and the tallow-tree; Efforts in arboriculture; Celebration of the annual ploughing ceremony; Modes of catching and rearing fish; Mechanical arts, metallurgy; Glass and precious stones; Ingredients and manufacture of porcelain; Its decoration; Chinese snuff-bottles discovered in Egyptian tombs; The preparation of lacquered-ware; Silk culture and manufacture in China; Chinese skill in embroidery; Growth and manufacture of cotton; Leather, felt, etc.; Tea culture; Method of curing and preparing; Green and black teas; Historical notice; Constituents and effects of tea; Preparation of cassia (cinnamomum) and camphor; Ingenious methods of Chinese craftsmen; The blacksmith and dish-mender; Carving in wood and ivory; Manufacture of cloisonn, matting, etc. General aspect of Chinese industrial society.

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Attainments of the Chinese in the exact sciences : Arithmetic; Astronomy; Arrangement of the calendar; Divisions of the zodiac; Chinese observations of comets and eclipses; Their notions concerning the Action and Reaction of the Elements,; Astronomical myths: Story of the herdsman and weaver-girl; Divisions of the day: arrangement of the almanac; Geographical knowledge; Measures of length, money, and weight; System of banks and use of paper money; Pawnshops; Popular associations, or hwui; The theory and practice of war, arms in use; Introduction and employment of gunpowder; Chinese policy in warfare; Their regard for music; Examples of Chinese tunes; Musical instruments; Dancing and posture-making; Drawing and painting; Samples of Chinese illustrative art; Their symbolism; Paintings on pith-paper and leaves; Sculpture and architecture; Notions on the internal structure of the human body; Functions of the viscera and their connection with the yin and yang; Surgical operations; A Chinese doctor; Drugs and medicines employed; The common diseases of China; Native treatises on medicine.

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General doubts and ignorance concerning the subject; Tne mythological period; Chinese notions of cosmogony; The god Pwanku; Chu H's cosmogony; The legendary period, Fuh-h; The eight monarchs; Hwangt and the sexagenary cycle; The deluge of Yao; The historical period : The Hia dynasty; Yu the Great, his inscription on the rocks of Kau-lau shan; Records of the Hia; The Shang dynasty; Chau-sin; Rise of the house of Chau; Credibility of these early annals; The Tsin dynasties, Tsin Ch Hwangt; The dynasty of Han; From the Han to the Sui; The great Tang dynasty; Taitsung and the Empress Wu; The Five Dynasties; The Sung dynasty; The Mongol conquest, Kublai Khan; The Mings; The Manchus, or Tsing dynasty; Kangh; Yungching and Kienlung; Kiaking and Taukwang; Tables of the monarchs and dynasties.

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Causes of the perpetuity of Chinese institutions; Isolation of the people; The slight influence upon them of foreign thought and customs; Their religious beliefs, two negative features; Three sects : the State religion, called Confucianism; Objects and methods of State worship; The Emperor as High Priest; The Ju kiao, or Sect of Literati; Religious functions of government officers; Purity and coldness of this religious system; Rationalism (Too kia), Lau-tsz' its founder; His classic, the Tao-teh King; Visit of Confucius to the philosopher Lau-tsz'; Rites and mythology of the Taoists; Their degeneracy into fetich worshippers; Their organization; The Sect of Fuh, or Buddhism; Life of Buddha; Influence of the creed among the people; Checks to its power; Its tenets and liturgy; Opposition to this sect by the literati; Perpetuated in monasteries and nunneries; Similarity between the Buddhist and Roman Catholic rites; Shamanism, its form in Tibet and Mongolia; Buddhist temples; Ancestral worship, its ancient origin; Its influence upon the family and society; Infanticide in China, its prevalence; Comparison with Greece and Rome; Customs and ceremonies attending a decease; Funerals and burial-places; Fung-shut; Interment and mourning; Family worship of ancestors; Character of the rites; Popular superstitions; Dread of wandering ghosts; Methods of divination; Worship at graves, and shrines; Chinese benevolent institutions and the practice of charity; General condition of religion among them; Secret societies; Mohammedanism in China; Jews in Kaifung; Their miserable condition.

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Arrival of the Nestorians in China; The tablet of S-ngan; Prester John and traces of Nestorian labors; First epoch of Roman Catholic missions in Eastern Asia; John of Montecorvino, ibid.; Other priests of the fourteenth century; Second period : Xavier's attempt; Landing of Ricci; His life and character; The Jesuits in Peking; Faber; Adam Schaal; Verbiest; Discussion concerning the rites; The Pope and the Emperor Kangh; Quarrels between the missionaries; Third period: The edict of Yungching expels the Catholics; Statistics of their numbers; Their methods : the baptism of dying infants; Collisions between converts and magistrates; Pagan and Christian superstitions: casting out devils; Character of Catholic missionary work; Protestantism in China: The arrival of Morrison in Canton; His missionary and literary work; Comparison with that of Ricci; Protestant missions among the Chinese of the Archipelago; Early efforts, tract distribution; Gutzlaff's voyages along the coast; Foundation of the Medical Missionary Society; Success of hospital work among the natives; Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge in China; The Morrison Education Society; Protestant mission work at Canton; At Amoy and Fuhchan; In Chehkiang province; At Shanghai; Toleration of Christianity in China obtained through Kying; Policy of the government toward missionaries; Articles of toleration in the treaties of 1858; Bible translation and the Term Question among missionaries; Female missionaries; Statistics of Protestant missions in China; Notices of deceased missionaries; Facilities and difficulties attending the work.