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Caitlin Matthews - The Complete King Arthur: Many Faces, One Hero

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A comprehensive examination of the historical and mythological evidence for every major theory about King Arthur
  • Explores the history of every Arthur candidate and the geographical arguments that have placed him in different locations
  • Examines 1,800 years of evidence for Arthurs life and the famous series of 12 battles fought against the Saxons in the 6th century
  • Reconstructs the history of the 6th century in Britain, when the first references to Arthur and the core events of his reign appear

Few legends have had the enduring influence of those surrounding King Arthur. Many believe the stories are based on historical truth. For others Arthur represents the archetype of the brilliant monarch reigning over a fairy-tale kingdom, offering his knights the opportunity to prove their mettle in battle and find gnostic illumination through initiation into sacred mysteries like that of the Grail.
Presenting the culmination of more than 40 years research, John and Caitln Matthews examine the historical and mythological evidence for every major theory about the existence of King Arthur. Drawing on modern techniques in archaeology and scholarship, they reconstruct the history of the 6th century in Britain, the period when the first unambiguous references to Arthur appear. They explore the history of every Arthur candidate, the geographical arguments that have placed him in different locations, and the evidence for his life and famous battles fought against the Saxons. Was the greatest British hero of all time not a king but a 2nd-century Roman officer active around Hadrians Wall in Cumbria? A 5th-century soldier who operated in areas as far apart as Cornwall, Wales, Scotland, or Brittany? Or an entirely mythical fiction that provided a figure of light during a dark period of British history?
Examining other literary figures from the 5th century such as Vortigern and Ambrosius, the authors also break down the plots of all the major Arthurian romances, including those by Chretien de Troyes, Sir Thomas Malory, and Robert de Boron, to reveal the historical events they are based on. Piecing together the many fragments that constitute the image of Arthur, both the man and the myth, the authors show how each face of Arthur has something to offer and how his modern popularity proves the enduring power of the hero-myth, truly earning Arthur the title he first received in the 15th century: The Once and Future King.
Reviews:
Certain figures of myth and history have an ability to touch us deeply and take up residence in our imaginations, becoming a touchstone for inspiration and inner power. King Arthur is one of these. Whatever his historical veracity may be, he is a cultural icon that has lived through the centuries and continues to influence us in many ways today. In this book, John and Caitlin Matthews bring the importance of this figure to vibrant life. Far more than simply retelling familiar tales, they go deep into the spiritual, historical, literary, artistic, and mythic heart of Arthur to demonstrate most eloquently the wide reach of his cultural influence and why he continues to be the once and future king of our hopes and our imaginations. (David Spengler, educator and author of Apprenticed to Spirit)
The Matthews have done it again! Here is a compact assembly of Arthurian sources from ancient Rome through the classics, including many obscure bits. A wonderful and entertaining read. (Greg Stafford, designer of the King Arthur Pendragon game)
Beautifully written and extensively researched, The Complete King Arthur provides a thorough overview of past and present examples of the tradition and the possible sources from which they sprang. Accessible to scholars and general readers alike, this study is a necessary addition to the library of anyone who loves King Arthur. (Linda A. Malcor, coauthor of From Scythia to Camelot)
What a treasure this book is, a gift of great magnitude from the Matthews to all the rest of us. I so wish I had had it when I was immersing myself in Arthur in college many decades ago. The Mathews are the rarest of writers: scholars who are poets, poets who are scholars, singers of myth and history. They understand that facts are the basis of story, but equally, story is the basis of facts. Over the years of their phenomenal body of work, they have never set aside one for the other but have fed them together, in great measure. (Rachel Pollack, author of Unquenchable Fire)
Because the Matthews have been studying Celtic traditions, including the Arthurian legends, for forty years, The Complete King Arthur really is complete. (Barbara Ardinger, Ph.D., Witches & Pagans Magazine)
About the Authors:
John and Caitln Matthews have been studying the Arthurian legends and their background for more than 40 years. Recognized authorities on myths and legends of the Celtic tradition, they are the authors of more than 100 books, both separately and together, including Taliesin: The Last Celtic Shaman, Walkers Between the Worlds, King Arthur and the Goddess of the Land, and the award-winning Arthur of Albion, as well as several tarot decks and oracles. The Matthews live in Oxford, England.
424 pages
Publisher: Inner Traditions (15 Jun. 2017)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9781620555996
ISBN-13: 978-1620555996

Caitlin Matthews: author's other books


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To the memory of the poetJohn Heath-Stubbs 19182006a poet who sang in the - photo 1

The Complete King Arthur Many Faces One Hero - image 2

To the memory of the poetJohn Heath-Stubbs (19182006):a poet who sang in the dark and restored the light.

THE COMPLETE
King Arthur

The Complete King Arthur Many Faces One Hero - image 3

The Matthews have done it again! Here is a compact assembly of Arthurian sources from ancient Rome through the classics, including many obscure bits. A wonderful and entertaining read.

GREG STAFFORD, DESIGNER OF THE KING ARTHUR PENDRAGON GAME

Beautifully written and extensively researched, The Complete King Arthur provides a thorough overview of past and present examples of the tradition and the possible sources from which they sprang. Accessible to scholars and general readers alike, this study is a necessary addition to the library of anyone who loves King Arthur.

LINDA A. MALCOR, COAUTHOR OF FROM SCYTHIA TO CAMELOT

What a treasure this book is, a gift of great magnitude from the Matthews to all the rest of us. I so wish I had had it when I was immersing myself in Arthur in college many decades ago. The Mathews are the rarest of writers: scholars who are poets, poets who are scholars, singers of myth and history. They understand that facts are the basis of story, but equally, story is the basis of facts. Over the years of their phenomenal body of work, they have never set aside one for the other but have fed them together, in great measure.

RACHEL POLLACK, AUTHOR OF UNQUENCHABLE FIRE, WINNER OF THE ARTHUR C. CLARKE AWARD

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Linda Malcor for readily sharing her work on Lucius Artorius Castus; Kristen McDermott for her expert advice on Ben Jonson; Ari Berk for continuing author outreach support; the interloan staff of Temple Cowley Library, Oxford, for their speed in acquiring obscure articles from the four corners of the land; and the staff of the Bodleian Library, Oxford, for their tireless efforts.

Dates, Names, and Time Line of Significant Events

DATES AND NAMES

Two factors weigh heavily upon anyone attempting to explore the world of Arthur. The first concerns dating, which is at best vague and at worst impossible to interpret due to the vagaries of early writers who, before the conventions of BC and AD were widely accepted, adopted different forms of dating. For example, reckoning from the birth of Jesus or the assumed date of the Crucifixion makes a difference of twenty-eight years. For this reason dates within the Arthurian period can vary, and it is difficult to be either exact or definitive. We have traced our way through as many of these inconsistencies as possible to produce the time line that follows here. All dates, unless otherwise stated, should be understood as AD.

The second factor relates to the names of people and places. Personal names can vary greatly in both form and spelling from text to textoften within the same text. Wherever possible we have standardized these for the sake of clarity, and throughout the book we have referred to the ancient regions of Britain by their modern names when referring to their location but have used their ancient names when referring to specific kingdoms and their rulers. The maps on pages 9, 46, 105, and 110 show the complex changing face of Britain during the second, fifth, and sixth centuries in more detail. We have used the term the Islands when referring to the landmasses of Britain and Ireland and their associated coastal islands. We have used the term British and Briton(s) throughout, interchangeably. The former is more familiar from modern usage, while Britons is more often used of earlier people. We should also make the distinction between Britons (people of Britain) and Bretons (people of Brittany). This small area, now part of France, was known as Little Britain, due to the number of Britons who migrated to the area following the Roman invasion.

TIME LINE OF SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

5554 BCJulius invades Britain, taking hostages and setting a tribute
43 ADRoman conquest of Britain begins in earnest under Claudius
61Druids massacred on Anglesey by Suetonius
64Boudican revolt
83Battle of Mons Graupius between Caledonians and Agricola
122127Building of Hadrians Wall between Solway Firth and Tyne
circa 140Birth of Lucius Artorius Castus
148Antonine Wall built between Forth and Clyde
175Sarmatian cavalry of 5,500 garrisoned at Ribchester andChesters
circa 184Central Caledonian tribes overrun Antonine Wall in reign of Commodus
circa 198Severus repairs Hadrians Wall, which was overrun byMaeatae tribe
circa 199Death of Lucius Artorius Castus
circa 286/7Carausius enters Britain and declares himself emperor,creating an independent empire
293Diocletian appoints Constantius Chlorus as Caesar of Gaul;thereafter he took over the rule of Britain, rebuilding York,the headquarters of the Dux Britanniarum, and dividingBritain into four provinces: Britannia Prima, BritanniaSecunda, Maxima Caesariensis, and Flavia Caesariensis
306Constantine the Great made emperor at York
360Picts and Scots break their peace treaty with RomanBritain; Theodosius is sent to subdue lawlessness andincursion, rebuilds milecastles on Hadrians Wall
367The Barbarian Conspiracy where Picts, Scots, and Saxons strike together
383A significant number of legions leave Britain withcoemperor Magnus Maximus
385Saint Patrick born at Bannavem Taberniae (Banwen) on theCumbrian coast
390Theodosius I bans pagan worship in the Roman Empire
circa 400430Cunedda moves from Manau Gododdin to Gwynedd toeject Irish in Wales with his militia; Stilicho is made firstconsul and sets out on a punitive mission against the Picts
410Sack of Rome by Visigoth Alaric; Honorius declares Britonsmust defend themselves; major Roman withdrawal oftroops
circa 425Notitia Dignitatum relates Britain as still held by theempire
425Vortigern in power
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