Jean Menzies - Egyptian Myths: Meet the Gods, Goddesses, and Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt

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Egyptian

Myths

WRITTEN BY JEAN MENZIES ILL US TRATED B Y K ATIE PONDER

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About this eBook

conte nts

Introduction Ancient Egypt THE BEGINNING 10 The Cr eation 16 A tums Eye Shu and Tefnut 22 D ay and Night The Curse of Geb and Nut Geb and Nut The gods 36 R as T rue Name Ra and Hat hor 44 T he Humans Rebel 46 Hathor and the Beer 52 T he End of Ras Re ign 56 G ebs Rev enge Osiris and Isis 64 K ing Osiris 68 T he First Mummy 76 Horus and the Snak e Horus and Set 80 H orus versus Set

Pharaohs and ro yal ty 88 King Khufu and the Magician 94 L ady Red jedets Sons Thoth and Ma at 102 Q ueen Serpo t 104 T he Doomed Pr ince Mortal s 108 T he Shipwr eck ed Sai lor 110 T he Eloquent Pe asant NepHthys and Anubis 116 T ruth and F alseho od ABOUT THE MYTHS 122 D iscoveri ng the myths 124 Gods and goddesses 126 Phar aohs 128 Mummification 130 T ombs 132 J ourney of the dead 134 W orshipping the gods 136 Sacr ed animals 138 P ronunciation guide 140 Glossary 142 Index 144 A cknowledg ments

Introd ucti oN

Anci ent Eg ypt was one of the earlie st c iviliz ation s in the hist ory of the wo rld, dati ng al l the way back to 3500 bce . It was ru led by king s and que ens ca lle d pharaoh s, who t he an cien t Egy ptian s belie ved we re represe ntati ves of the god s t hems elves. Per haps it is not surpr ising then that relig ionan d religious myth s forme d a ver y signi fi cant pa rt of eve ryd ay life. The Egy ptian s my thol ogy , like t heir cult ure, was ric h and d iver se, and they worshipp ed hund reds of diff erent god s a nd god desses . Some of th ese de itie s we know mo re about tha n oth ers. W ha t stor ie s we do know ar e some of the oldes t my ths t hat su rviv e today, and t hey revea l a wo rld of war rin g gods , miracu lou s magic, an d the t riu mph of goo d over e vil. Insid e thi s book you can read some of th e many versi ons of t hese tale s, but rem ember ther e are s till m ore out the re. JEAN MENZIES, AUTHOR JEAN MENZIES, AUTHOR

Ancient Egyp t

The anc ient Egyptia ns live d in the area in and aroun d mode rn Egyp t, in th e nort h of Afric a. Sinc e more than 90 perce nt of Egy pt is deser t, the Egypti ans m ainly i nhabited the land around the Ri ver Ni le. T heir civili zation wa s rule d by a king o r queen , called a pharaoh, from arou nd 310 bce until the la st one died in 30 bce . The Pyr amids were huge tombs built fo r phara ohs around 4,500 years ago . Many phara ohs wer e buried in to mbs in the Val ley of the Kings. M E D I T E R R A N E A N S E A RIVER NILE Ancient Egypt GIZA HELIOPOLIS Upper Egy pt Lower Eg ypt VAL LEY OF THE KINGS MEMPHIS THEBES AMARNA ASWAN

TWO LANDS Ancient Egypt was divided into Low er Egypt in the north and Upper Egypt in the south. When they wer e united, the phar aoh wore a combined re d-and-white crown to symbolize b oth. The re were people livi ng in Egy pt for tho usa nds of year s bef ore it became one kingdom . R E D S E A Extent of ancient Egyptian empire around 1500 bce City THE NILE Every year , the banks of the Nile would flood. This mov ed ri ver soil ont o the land, making it fert ile for gro wing cro ps. The Egyptians depended mainly on river boats to tra vel and t rade goods. RELIGION The ancient Egyptians worshipped numerous gods, who they thought liv ed with them on Earth. The phara ohs wer e also considere d gods and both had temples dedicat ed to them. Key

THE

BEGINNIN G

Without t he cha ngin g seas ons, we ather , and fe rtile soil brough t by the f l oodi ng of th e Rive r Nile , the anci ent Eg ypt ian civi lizat ion cou ld ne ver have ex iste d. The Egy ptian s tho ught the se cha nge s in th e natu ral world wer e control led by god s an d goddess es. The fi rst my ths a re about t he cr eation of the Ea rth, and ho w the Eg ypt ian deitie s gove rne d ever ythin g from the r ising of the s un to the nu mber of days in the year .

The Creati on

At f ir st, no thing and e very thing exi ste d all a t once. In eve ry direct ion, t he u nive rse was fi lled only w ith t he ne ver- endi ng ocean ca lle d Nun. There was no land or light, no people or plants, only black, swirling wa ter . Howeve r , the potential f or everythi ng was hidden within Nuns depths. Silence r eigned and nothing stir r ed f or no one knows how long, until suddenly the tiniest of beings awok e. This was the god A tum, whose body slowly gr ew inside the ancient ocean. When he was finally ready , At um separated hi mself from Nun. Atum emerg ed from Nun sitting at op a gigantic, point ed mound called the benben. This was the first land, and it allo wed Atum to stan d up . In this way , At um set in motion the beginning of all things. At fi rst, At um was cont ent, amazed at his o wn existe nce. However , as he thought more and more , he also began to r eal ize that he was lonely . His was the only mind that exist ed apart from Nuns, and Nun was quiet and myst erious. With whom could he pass his days?

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