Luis L. Dominguez - The Conquest of the River Plate (1535-1555)

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The Conquest of the River Plate (15351555)

I. Voyage of Ulrich Schmidt to the Rivers La Plata and Paraguai, from the Original German Edition, 1567. II. The Commentaries of Alvar Nez Cabeza de Vaca, from the Original Spanish edition, 1555

Edited by
Luis L. Dominguez

First published by Ashgate Publishing

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Founded in 1846, the Hakluyt Society seeks to advance knowledge and education by the publication of scholarly editions of primary records of voyages, travels and other geographical material. In partnership with Ashgate, and using print-on-demand and e-book technology, the Society has made re-available all 290 volumes comprised in Series I and Series II of its publications in both print and digital editions. For information about the Hakluyt Society visit www.hakluyt.com .

ISBN 13: 978-1-4094-1348-6 (hbk)

WORKS ISSUED BY
the hakluyt society .

THE CONQUEST
or
THE RIVER PLATE.

No. LXXXI.

THE CONQUEST
OF
THE RIVER PLATE
(1535-1555).

I.
VOYAGE OF ULRICH SCHMIDT TO THE RIVERS LA
PLATA AND PARAGUAI.

FROM THE ORIGINAL GERMAN EDITION, 1567.

II.
THE COMMENTARIES OF ALVAR NUNEZ CABEZA
DE VACA.

FROM THE ORIGINAL SPANISH EDITION, 1555 .

TRANSLATED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY.

with notes and an Introduction,
BY
LUIS L. DOMINGUEZ,
MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY OP THE ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, CORRESPONDING MEMBER
OF THE ARGENTINE GEOFLGRAPHICAL INSTITUTE AND F THE ROYAL SPANISH
ACADEMY OF HISTORY.

LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE HAKLUYT SOCIETY,
4 , LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS, W.C

M.DCCC.XCI.

LONDON
WRITING AND CO., SARDINIA, STRRET LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS.

Council of the Hakluyt Society.

• CLEMENTS R. MARKHAM, Esq., C.., F.R.S., PRESIDENT,
• MAJOR-GENERAL, SIR HENRY RAWLINSON, K.C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. ASSOCIE TRANGER DE L'INSTITUT DE FRANCE, VICE-PRESIDENT
• ORD ABESDARE, G.C.B., F.R.S., LATE PRES. R.G.S
• JOHN BARROW, ESQ., F.R.S., F.S.A.
• WALTER DE GRAY BIRCH, ESQ., F.S.A.
• REAR-ADMIRAL LINDESAY BRINE.
• ROBERT BROWN, ESQ., M.A., PH.D.
• THE RIGHT ON. SIR MOUNTSTUART E. GRANT DUFF, G.C.S.I.
• ALBERT GRAY, ESQ.
• R. H. MAJOR, ESQ., F.S.A.
• E. A. PETHERICK, ESQ.
• ADMIRAL SIR F. W. RICHARDS, K.C.B.
• LORD ARTHUR RUSSELL.
• ERNEST SATOW, ESQ., C.M.G., MINISTER RESIDENT IN URUGUAY.
• S. W. SILVER, ESQ.
• COUTTS TROTTER, ESQ.
• ROF.. B. TYLOR, D.C.L.
• SIR CHARLES WILSON, R.E., K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S., D.C.L., and LL.D.

• E. DELMAR MORGAN, HONORARY SECRETARY

Table of Contents.

1. i
2. v
3. xii

Guide

Illustration.

1. MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA IN THE XVI CENTURY.

Corrigenda.

Page 1, title, for Von Straubingen, read of Straubing.
15, line 27, for lakes ix, read lake six.
16, last line, for salnaischo, read saluaischo.
24, note, for for mof, read form of.
32, line 15, for St. Catherine, read Sta. Catharina.
43, note, for Guaragos, read Guarayos.
80, line 4, for Schmiedel, read Schmidt.
83, note, for Uruguai, read Uruguay.
106, line 18, for Estropian, read Estopian.
107, line 4, for Estropian, read Estopian.

I HAVE the pleasure to present to the Hakluyt Society, in the accompanying volume, the first two historians who wrote on the conquest of the Rio de la Plata, which took place in the reign of Charles V, King of Spain and Emperor of Germany.

The first of these was a German, a native of Straubing, in Bavaria, whose name was Ulrich Schmidt. The second was a Spaniard, native of Jerez de la Frontera in Andalusia, named Alvar Nuez, better known by the surname which he took from his mother, Doa Teresa Cabeza de Vaca. This Alvar Nuez was a grandson of Don Pedro Vera, who, in the time of Ferdinand and Isabella the Catholics, undertook to conquer the Canary Islands at his own cost. As his means, however, were insufficient for so great an enterprise, he borrowed money of a Moorish banker upon pledge. The security given by this inhuman father consisted of his two sons, the younger of whom was the father of Alvar Nuez; and this transaction, characteristic of a soldier in those semi-barbarous times, seemed to presage the singular adventures in which the son of the latter was destined to take part.

Of the German's lineage nothing is known. I believe him to have been an obscure individual, servant or agent, like the modern commis royageurs or commercial travellers, for one of the wealthy houses of commerce established at Seville in the time of the Emperor, and concerning which I shall have something to say by-and-by.

Both the German adventurer as well as the Andalusian cavalier gave their names to the narratives of what happened to them in America, in the two books published together in the present volume.

Twelve years after the discovery of the river Plate in 1516, by Juan Diaz de Solis, two Spanish expeditions explored its shores. One of these had been sent out by the Emperor to India, under the orders of Sebastian Cabot, and the other, under the command of the pilot Diego Garcia, to take possession of that river. Cabot altered his course and went up the Paran till he arrived at the Rio Paraguai in 1527, and Garcia made the same voyage the following year. Both these navigators shortly afterwards returned to Spain, having only left a small colony at Sancti Spiritus, in the neighbourhood of the present city of Rosario, which was soon transferred to Iguape, on the Atlantic coast, very near the limit fixed, by the treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, between the possessions of Spain and Portugal.

When Cabot returned to Spain in 1530, and told of the pieces of silver he had seen among the Indians of the Chaco, the King of Portugal sent Martin Affonso de Souza to establish himself in the extreme south of his possessions in Brazil; and this Portuguese captain, after examining the coast of the ocean as far as the entrance of the Rio de la Plata, founded at the close of the year 1531, in the island of San Vicente, the first regular colony on that coast where now stands the little city of Santos.

The vicinity of these two rival coloniesthe much smaller Spanish one of Iguape, and the stronger Portuguese one in San Vicenteendangered the peaceful and tranquil possession of those lands; and for this reason the Spanish Government resolved on sending immediately a formal expedition which should permanently occupy the north of the territory belonging to it, according to the above-mentioned treaty, on that coast. This expedition was placed under the orders of the first Adelantado and Captain-General of the province of Rio de la Plata, Don Pedro de Mendoza.

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