Charles Oman - A History of England

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A
HISTORY OF ENGLAND.

BY
CHARLES OMAN ,

FELLOW OF ALL SOULS' COLLEGE,
AND DEPUTY-PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD;

AUTHOR OF
"WARWICK THE KINGMAKER;" "ENGLAND IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY;
"A HISTORY OF GREECE;" "THE ART OF WAR IN THE MIDDLE AGES;"
"THE HISTORY OF THE PENINSULAR WAR," ETC.

ELEVENTH EDITION.

LONDON:
EDWARD ARNOLD .
1904.

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PRINTED BY
WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
LONDON AND BECCLES.

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PREFACE

When adding one more to the numerous histories of England which have appeared of late years, the author feels that he must justify his conduct. Ten years of teaching in the Honour School of Modern History in the University of Oxford have convinced him that there may still be room for a single-volume history of moderate compass, which neither cramps the earlier annals of our island into a few pages, nor expands the last two centuries into unmanageable bulk. He trusts that his book may be useful to the higher forms of schools, and for the pass examinations of the Universities. The kindly reception which his History of Greece has met both here and in America, leads him to hope that a volume constructed on the same scale and the same lines may be not less fortunate.

He has to explain one or two points which may lead to criticism. In Old-English names he has followed the correct and original forms, save in some few cases, such as Edward and Alfred, where a close adherence to correctness might savour of pedantry. He wishes the maps to be taken, not as superseding the use of an atlas, but as giving boundaries, local details, and sites in which many atlases will be found wanting.

Finally, he has to give his best thanks to friends who were good enough to correct certain sections of the bookespecially to Sir William Anson, Warden of All Souls' College, Mr. C. H. Turner of Magdalen College, and Mr. F. Haverfield of Christ Church. But most of all does he owe gratitude to the indefatigable compiler of the Index, whose hands made a burden into a pleasure.

Oxford ,
January 25, 1895 .

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PREFACE TO THE NINTH EDITION.

The fact that this book has passed through nine editions in seven years seems to show that it was not altogether written in vain, and has answered the purpose for which it was written.

The first edition carried the history of Great Britain to the year 1885. I have now prolonged it to the year 1902. The termination of the long reign of Queen Victoria, the end of the century, and the long-delayed pacification of South Africa, appeared to provide landmarks to which the narrative ought to be extended.

I have to thank many kind correspondents for corrections and suggestions made during the last seven years. They will note that their hints have not been neglected. A special word of thanks is due to the Rev. A. Beaven of Leamington, for a very copious and useful list of corrigenda, of which I have made full use.

Oxford ,
September 15, 1902 .

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CONTENTS.

CHAPTER	PAGE
I.	Celtic and Roman Britain
II.	The Coming of the English
III.	The Conversion of England, and the Rise of Wessex. 597-836
IV.	The Danish Invasions, and the Great Kings of Wessex, 836-975
V.	The Days of Cnut and Edward the Confessor
VI.	The Norman Conquest, 1066-1087
VII.	William the RedHenry I.Stephen. 1087-1154
VIII.	Henry II. 1154-1189
IX.	Richard I. and John. 1189-1216
X.	Henry III. 1216-1272
XI.	Edward I. 1272-1307
XII.	Edward II. 1307-1327
XIII.	Edward III. 1327-1377
XIV.	Richard II. 1377-1399
XV.	Henry IV. 1399-1413
XVI.	Henry V. 1413-1422
XVII.	The Loss of France. 1422-1453
XVIII.	The Wars of the Roses. 1454-1471
XIX.	The Fall of the House of York. 1471-1485
XX.	Henry VII. 1485-1509
XXI.	Henry VIII., and the Breach with Rome. 1509-1536
XXII.	The English Reformation. 1536-1553
XXIII.	The Catholic Reaction. 1553-1558
XXIV.	Elizabeth. 1558-1603
XXV.	James I. 1603-1625
XXVI.	The Reign of Charles I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War. 1625-1642
XXVII.	The Great Civil War. 1642-1651
XXVIII.	Cromwell. 1651-1660
XXIX.	Charles II. 1660-1685
XXX.	James II. 1685-1688
XXXI.	England after the Revolution. 1688-1702
XXXII.	Anne. 1702-1714
XXXIII.	The Rule of the Whigs. 1714-1739
XXXIV.	The Development of the Colonial Empire of Britain. 1739-1760
XXXV.	George III. and the WhigsThe American War. 1760-1783
XXXVI.	The Younger Pitt, and the Recovery of English Prosperity. 1782-1793
XXXVII.	England and the French Revolution. 1789-1802
XXXVIII.	England and Bonaparte. 1802-1815
XXXIX.	Reaction and Reform. 1815-1832
XL.	Chartism and the Corn Laws. 1832-1852
XLI.	The Days of Palmerston. 1852-1865
XLII.	Democracy and Imperialism. 1865-1885
XLIII.	The Last Years of Queen Victoria, 1886-1901The South African War. 1899-1902
XLIV.	India and the Colonies. 1815-1902
Index

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MAPS AND PLANS.

PAGE

The Gaelic and British Tribes in Britain

Roman Britain

England in the Year 570

England in the Eighth Century

England in the Year 900

France in the Reign of Henry II.

The Battle of Lewes

The Battle of Evesham

Wales in 1282

The Battle of Bannockburn

The Battle of Crcy

The Battle of Poictiers

France after the Treaty of Bretigny

The Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Edgehill

England at the End of 1643

The Battle of Marston Moor

The Battle of Naseby

The Spanish Netherlands, 1702

The Battle of Blenheim

Scotland in the Eighteenth Century

England and France in America, 1756

The Battle of Quebec

India in the Time of Warren Hastings

Spain and Portugal, 1803-1814

Europe in 1811-1812

The Battle of Waterloo

Sebastopol, 1854

Theatre of the South African War of 1899-1902

India, 1815-1890

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