The English Revolution and the Wars in the Three Kingdoms, 16381652
MODERN WARS IN PERSPECTIVE
General Editors: H. M. Scott and B. W. Collins
This ambitious series offers wide-ranging studies of specific wars, and distinct phases of warfare, from the close of the Middle Ages to the present day. It aims to advance the current integration of military history into the academic mainstream. To that end, the books are not merely traditional campaign narratives, but examine the causes, course and consequences of major conflicts, in their full international political, social and ideological contexts.
ALSO IN THIS SERIES
The AngloDutch Wars of the Seventeenth Century
J. R. Jones
The Wars of Louis XIV
John A. Lynn
The Wars of Frederick the Great
Dennis Showalter
The War of the Austrian Succession, 17401748
M. S. Anderson
The Wars of Napoleon
Charles J. Esdaile
The SpanishAmerican War: Conflict in the Caribbean and the Pacific 18951902
Joseph Smith
China at War, 19011949
Edward L. Dreyer
The Wars of French Decolonization
Anthony Clayton
A Noble Cause? America and the Vietnam War
Gerard J. DeGroot
The Northern Wars
Robert I. Frost
Englands Colonial Wars 15501688: Conflicts, Empire and National Identity
Bruce Lenman
Britains Colonial Wars, 16881783
Bruce Lenman
The Great War
Ian F. W. Beckett
Austrias Wars of Emergence
Michael Hochedlinger
The French Civil Wars
R. J. Knecht
Russias Wars of Emergence, 14601730
Carol B. Stevens
Ottoman Wars: An Empire Besieged, 17001870
Virginia H. Aksan
First published 2007 by Pearson Education Limited
Published 2014 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright 2007, Taylor & Francis.
The right of Ian Gentles to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein.
ISBN 13: 978-0-582-06551-2 (pbk)
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A CIP catalogue record for this book can be obtained from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gentles, I. J.
The English Revolution and the wars in the three kingdoms, 16381652 / Ian Gentles. 1st ed.
p. cm. (Modern wars in perspective)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-582-06551-2 (pbk.)
ISBN-10: 0-582-06551-8 (pbk.)
1. Great BritainHistory, Military16031714. 2. Great BritainHistoryCharles I, 16251649 3. Great BritainHistoryPuritan Revolution, 16421600. 4. Great BritainHistoryCivil War, 16421649. 5. ScotlandHistoryCharles I, 16251649. 6. IrelandHistory16251649. I. Title.
DA405.G45 2007
941.062dc22
2006049201
Set by 35 in 10/13.5pt Sabon
To Gerald Aylmer, Conrad Russell and Austin Woolrych
in memoriam
Contents
W e are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce copyright material:
courtesy of McGill-Queens University Press.
All attempts at tracing the copyright-holder of Edgehill, 1642 () by Peter Young were unsuccessful, as were attempts to locate the copyright-holder for cartography, P. Vaughan Williams.
In some other instances we have been unable to trace the owners of copyright material, and we would appreciate any information that would enable us to do so.
O ver the years that it has taken to write this book I have incurred many debts of gratitude. Tim Wales was an invaluable research assistant, who not only broke the codes of a number of important letters, but provided intelligent commentary on the various manuscripts that he transcribed. David Scott read every word of the book, subjected it to searching scrutiny, challenged my arguments, and saved me from many errors. With John Morrill I have had many stimulating conversations about the period that we both love. He and his wife Frances extended hospitality to me on many occasions. I have also benefited tremendously from conversations with other leading scholars in the field: Barbara Donagan, Blair Worden, Kevin Sharpe, Ronald Hutton, Jane Ohlmeyer, Michel Siochr, Tadhg hAnnrachin, Toby Barnard, Allan Macinnes, John Adamson, James Scott Wheeler, Edward Furgol, Jonathan Scott, Stephen Porter, Colin Davis, Barbara Taft, Sarah Barber, Paul Griffiths, Jason Peacey, Patrick Little, Sean Kelsey, Robert Armstrong, Frances Henderson and Andrew Barclay. Maija Jansson kindly gave me access to the Yale Center for Parliamentary Historys transcript of Sir Simmonds DEwess diary, and Anne Steele Young completed the work of transcription to 1645. I owe an immense debt to Ian and Helen Roy, who have entertained me frequently. Ian, my old tutor, has shared unstintingly his unrivalled knowledge of the royalist army, as well as furnishing many insights into the sources. Tony Wrigley was extremely helpful on the demographic implications of Englands troubles. Many archivists and librarians have given invaluable assistance, but I would like to pay special tribute to Mary Robertson at the Huntington, Godfrey Waller at the Cambridge University Library, and Jean-Pierre at the Bodleian for their exceptional graciousness and good humour. Hamish Scott, the publishers editor has been a source of considerable encouragement. I am thankful too to Hetty Reid, Jenny Oates, Melanie Carter and Christina Wipf Perry for their patience and their helpfulness in seeing the book through the press. On many occasions Lesley and Alan Leclaire, Ursula Aylmer, Andrew and Sarah Ingersoll, Ann and Bruce Saunders, Harold and Pauline Norman, Maija Jansson and Paul Bushkovitch, Richard and Carol Downer, and Kay Senior have welcomed me into their homes and added greatly to the sum of (my) human happiness. The members of my family my mother, Caroline, Emma, Stephen, Peter, Ginny and Erin have been wonderfully supportive throughout.
