Also in the Variorum Collected Studies Series:
MICHAEL COOK
Studies in the Origins of Early Islamic Culture and Tradition
MOSHE GIL
Related Worlds
Studies in Jewish and Arab Ancient and Early Medieval History
MICHAEL LECKER
People, Tribes and Society in Arabia Around the Time of Muhammad
MICHAEL LECKER
Jews and Arabs in Pre- and Early Islamic Arabia
FEDWA MALTI-DOUGLAS
Power, Marginality, and the Body in Medieval Islam
M. J. KISTER
Concepts and Ideas at the Dawn of Islam
M. J. KISTER
Society and Religion from Jahiliyya to Islam
C. E. BOSWORTH
The Arabs, Byzantium and Iran
Studies in Early Islamic History and Culture
G. H. A. JUYNBOLL
Studies on the Origins and Uses of Islamic Hadith
SHAUL SHAKED
From Zoroastrian Iran to Islam
Studies in Religious History and Intercultural Contacts
WAEL B. HALLAQ
Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam
WILFERD MADELUNG
Religious and Ethnic Movements in Medieval Islam
GEORGE MAKDISI
Religion, Law and Learning in Classical Islam
VARIORUM COLLECTED STUDIES SERIES
_______________
From Kavd to al-Ghazl
_______________
Patricia Crone
_______________
From Kavd to al-Ghazl
_______________
Religion, Law and Political Thought in the
Near East, c.600c.1100
First published 2005 in the Variorum Collected Studies Series by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2017 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition Copyright 2005 by Patricia Crone
Patricia Crone has asserted her moral right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the author of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Crone, Patricia, 1945-
From Kavd to al-Ghazl: religion, law and political thought
in the Near East, c.600c. 1100. (Variorum collected studies series)
1. Religion and state Middle East History To 1500
2. Religion and law Middle East History To 1500
3. Political science Middle East History To 1500
4. Middle East Politics and government 5. Middle East
Religion 6. Middle East History
I. Title
201.7209560902
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Crone, Patricia, 1945
From Kavd to al-Ghazl: religion, law, and political thought in the Near East,
C.600C. 1100 / Patricia Crone.
p. cm. (Variorum collected studies series; CS819)
Includes index.
ISBN 086078956X (alk. paper)
1. Middle East. 2. Religion and politics Middle East. 3. Law Middle East.
I. Title. II. Series: Collected studies; CS819.
DS44.C76 2005
320.01dc22
2005040960
ISBN 13: 978-0-86078-956-7 (hbk)
VARIORUM COLLECTED STUDIES SERIES CS819
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgements
Kavds heresy and Mazdaks revolt
Iran 29. London, 1991, pp. 2142
II Zoroastrian communism
Comparative Studies in Society and History 36. Cambridge, 1994
III Islam, Judeo-Christianity and Byzantine iconoclasm
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 2. Jerusalem, 1980
Jhil and Jewish law: the qasma
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 4. Jerusalem, 1984
V Two legal problems bearing on the early history of the Qurn
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 18. Jerusalem, 1994
VI Weber, Islamic law, and the rise of capitalism
Max Weber & Islam, ed. Toby E. Huff and Wolfgang Schluchter. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1999
Shr as an elective institution
Quaderni di Studi Arabi 19. Venice, 2001
VIII Even an Ethiopian slave: the transformation of a Sunn tradition
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 57. Cambridge, 1994
IX A statement by the Najdiyya Khrijites on the dispensability of the imamate
Studio Islamica 88. Paris, 1998
X Ninth-century Muslim anarchists
Past & Present: A Journal of Historical Studies 167. Oxford, 2000
XI The Khrijites and the caliphal title
Journal of Semitic Studies Supplement 12. Studies in Islamic and Middle Eastern Texts and Traditions, in Memory of Norman Calder, ed. G.R. Hawting, J.A. Mojaddedi and A. Samely. Oxford 2000
XII Did al-Ghazl write a mirror for princes? On the authorship of Naa t al-mulk
Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 10. Festschrift for M.J. Kister. Jerusalem, 1987
Index
This volume contains viii + 356 pages
PUBLISHERS NOTE
The articles in this volume, as in all others in the Variorum Collected Studies Series, have not been given a new, continuous pagination. In order to avoid confusion, and to facilitate their use where these same studies have been referred to elsewhere, the original pagination has been maintained wherever possible.
Each article has been given a Roman number in order of appearance, as listed in the Contents. This number is repeated on each page and is quoted in the index entries.
PREFACE
This volume brings together all the articles I published between 1980 to 2000 on the history of religious, legal and political thought in the Near East from pre-Islamic times until the twelfth century, with the exception of two: a paper on The Rise of the Muslim Sects published in Chinese in 1993, now superseded by ch. 2 of my book Medieval Islamic Political Thought, Edinburgh 2004 (published in America under the title Gods Rule. Government and Religion in Islam. Six Centuries of Medieval Islamic Political Thought, Columbia 2004), and a lecture given on Islam and Messianic Politics in Frankfurt in 2000, which is too preliminary to merit republication. The other articles I wrote in the same period, mostly on Umayyad and Abbsid history, will appear in a second volume.
Most of the articles have been furnished with postscripts in which the reader will find additions and corrections. My first two pieces, however, were on subjects that I have not looked at since (Byzantine iconoclasm and the qasma respectively). I have abstained from the attempt to update or correct these articles in any way and simply refer the reader to some works that will enable the reader to get into these subjects as they look now. There are also a couple of articles so recent that I have not got anything to add to them yet.