2016 by Baylor University Press
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Sims, Angela D., author.
Title: Lynched : the power of memory in a culture of terror / Angela D. Sims.
Description: Waco : Baylor University Press, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016009312 (print) | LCCN 2016035155 (ebook) | ISBN 9781602582668 (hardback : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781481306072 (web pdf) |ISBN 9781481306065 (mobi) | ISBN 9781481306058 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: African AmericansReligion. | LynchingUnited
StatesHistory. | MemoryMoral and ethical aspects. | Terrorism. |
Psychology, Religious.
Classification: LCC BR563.N4 S559 2017 (print) | LCC BR563.N4 (ebook) | DDC 364.1/34dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016009312
Hannah White Allen**Albert David Anderson**Leola Johnson Arnold**Elwood B. Ball**Myrtle Alexander Ballard**Thomas A. Ballard**Lillian J. Blount**Shelton Blount**Addie S. Bolton**Leroy Bowman**David Briggs**J. C. Cain**Margie Kidd Campbell**Odell Poke Carr**Dorothy Sidberry Clark**James Edwin Clark**Julius Dell Coleman**Martin ONeal Collins**Ola Mae Jackson Comins**Mordessa Richardson Corbin**Freddie Foshee Cudjoe**Donald Wayne Davis**Margaret W. Davis**Jessie Eva Manley Dean**James W. Drakeford**Arthur Dunn**Fannie Wilkinson Fitzgerald**Rodger Pierpont Fitzgerald**Katherine Louise Clark Fletcher**Nazzaree Williams Franklin**Olive Lee Joyner**Nims Edward Gay Jr.**Theresa Jackson Gilliam**Josephine Green**George M. Hampton**Sarah Lee Robinson Hardimon**Artie L. Harris**Marguerite B. Harris**Wallace S. Hartsfield Sr.**Gwendolyn Elaine Brown Hill**Ireland Hill**Zan Holmes**Lettie Ruth Cooper Hunter**Katherine Coleman Goble Johnson**Leon Johnson**Shirley Johnson**Ann Jones**John Jones**Lucille Otis Jones**Julia K. Gibson Jordan**Rosalie Hilliard Joseph**Clarence Walter Kidd**Emma Atkins Kidd**
With immense gratitude to African American elders whose oral history accounts make this project possible
L. P. Lewis**Lillian McDonald Marigny**Solon Marshall**Benjamin Franklin Martin**Anita Earnest McCohn**Godfrey McCray**Willie McLean**Eva Partee McMillan**Carrie Lee Thornton Miller**Lois Louise Donaldson Miller**Janie Montgomery**Ora Lee Bland Morgan**Simon W. Morgan**Junius Warren Nottingham**Ellie Winfield Palmer**Collier Parks Jr.**Ollie Roberta Pearson**Lillie Phenix**Helen Swazer Pollard**Brelon Price**Joseph Purvis**William Samuel Randolph**Maggie Thornton Renfro**Claretha Robinson**Barbara Rollins**Catherine Thompson Sidney**John A. Sims**Rebecca Brown Singleton**Betty Spencer**King Swazer Jr.**Dorothy London Thomas**George Leon Thomas**Willie Matthew Thomas**Hazel Lee Peoples Thompson**Leon Thompson Jr.**Mary G. Clark Thompson**Sadie Watson Todd**Bozie Mae Flemings Walker**Ella Mae Warren**Lovie Warren**Rosie Lee Thornton Warren**Louis Lee White Sr.**Earl Williams Sr.**Ulysses Samuel Williams**
G rateful acknowledgement is made to the following institutions that provided financial support for this project:
- 20092010 General Program Grant from the Louisville Institute
- 2010 Wabash Summer Research Fellowship from the Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion
- 20102011 Visiting Scholar for the Womanist Scholars Program at the Interdenominational Theological Center
- 20102011 Ford Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship
I am extremely thankful to Dr. Stephen Sloan, Director, The Institute for Oral History at Baylor University, along with his staff (especially Becky Shulda and Elinor Maz) for training in oral history methodology and equipment usage as well as countless hours dedicated to transcribing and editing interviews. In addition, Terry L. Goodrich, Assistant Director of Media Communications at Baylor University, devoted numerous hours to promote the oral history project Remembering Lynching: Strategies of Resistance and Visions of Justice. Almost from the inception of this research, Dr. Carey C. Newman, Director, Baylor University Press, has shepherded my work. I am deeply grateful for his probing questions, professionalism, and friendship.
I owe special thanks to Kazz Alexander Pinkard, Larry Williams, and Janise Randall for technical and research support. I am grateful to Mrs. Carolyn Frederick, Mrs. Deloris Randolph, Reverend Dr. Barbara Morton, Reverend Veronica Thomas, Reverend Dr. Helen Byrd, Reverend Dr. Victor McCullough, Ms. Rachel McClain, Ms. Vickie Washington, Dr. Evelyn Parker, Mrs. Glorious Ford, Reverend Demetrics Roscoe, Mrs. Rhonda Lyle, and Reverend Dr. Luke E. Torian for assistance in advertising the oral history project, recommending names of potential participants, and offering the use of space in which to conduct interviews.
I am privileged to work at Saint Paul School of Theology in Overland Park, Kansas, and Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. My colleagues, in conjunction with the Board of Trustees, approved and granted me a fall 2010 research leave and a spring 2011 sabbatical. As a result, their generosity and willingness to relieve me from teaching and committee responsibilities allowed me to concentrate full time on this writing project. I also want to thank David Firman, whose administrative support alleviated any concerns associated with an almost eleven-month absence from Kansas City and who printed multiple versions of this manuscript. Though they are no longer affiliated with Saint Paul School of Theology, I am most appreciative of Dr. Pamela Couture and Dr. Myron McCoy, for their willingness to write letters of endorsement in support of my research.
Family and friends offered support and encouragement from the time I began to imagine this oral history project. Dr. Renee K. Harrison and Dr. Z. Hall read multiple iterations of several chapters. Their constructive feedback was invaluable. A few sister-friendsMargaretta Narcisse, Cynthia Adams, Jerlys Coles, Doris Morelock Hendrickson, AnneMarie Mingo, Sharon Nottingham, Maudry Orphy, Sylvia Perry, Alice Snyder, Jennifer Thompson, Sthembile West, and Phyllis Yorkdeserve special recognition. Special thanks to Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon, Dr. Emilie M. Townes, Dr. Stephen Ray, Dr. Stacey Floyd-Thomas, Dr. Patricia Beattie Jung, Dr. Nancy Howell, and Dr. Elaine Robinson for their commitment to mentor and for their gentle, and sometimes not so gentle, nudging me to do the work. Finally, I thank God for my spouse, my children, my granddaughter, and our circle of family who pray with and for me and remind me frequently to care for myself.