Paul H Barrett - The Works of Charles Darwin: v. 9: Geological Observations on South America (1846) (with the Critical Introduction by J.W. Judd, 1890)

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THE PICKERING MASTERS

THE WORKS OF
CHARLES DARWIN

Volume 9. The geology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle

Part III: Geological observations on South America

Introduction by John W. Judd (1890)

THE WORKS OF
CHARLES DARWIN

EDITED BY
PAUL H. BARRETT & R. B. FREEMAN

VOLUME
9

THE GEOLOGY OF THE VOYAGE OF H.M.S. BEAGLE
PART III: GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON
SOUTH AMERICA

First published 1992 by Pickering & Chatto (Publishers) Limited

Published 2016 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identificationand explanation without intent to infringe.

Darwin, Charles
The works of Charles Darwin
1. Evolution
I. Title II. Barrett, Paul H.
575 QH366

ISBN: 978-1-851-96209-9 (hbk)

INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME NINE

Geological Observations on South America, London 1846. Freeman 273.1

The first edition of the third part is reprinted here because, as with the second part, later editions remained essentially unaltered. As with the first and second parts, the critical introduction by John Wesley Judd from the Ward Lock, Minerva edition of 1890, Freeman 279, has been added.

During his three years on the mainland and continental islands of South America, Darwin was able to see many geological phenomena at first hand which would have been impossible on any other area of comparable size. These included the recent and large scale mountain building and destruction as well as personal experience of an earthquake.

Judd quotes from Darwins Autobiography to the effect that most of the first ten years following the Beagles return had been lost to illness. During that time, he had written his Journal of researches, edited the five parts of the Beagle Zoology and now had completed the three parts of its Geology. He had also had published a number of papers in learned journals as well as roughing out his early views on evolution in his sketches of 1842 and 1844.

Note

1 Freeman, R. B. The works of Charles Darwin, an annotated bibliographical handlist, second edition, Folkestone, 1977, p. 59.

CRITICAL INTRODUCTION

Of the remarkable trilogy constituted by Darwins writings which deal with the geology of the Beagle, the member which has perhaps attracted least attention, up to the present time is that which treats of the geology of South America. The actual writing of this book appears to have occupied Darwin a shorter period than either of the other volumes of the series; his diary records that the work was accomplished within ten months, namely, between July 1844 and April 1845; but the book was not actually issued till late in the year following, the preface bearing the date September, 1846. Altogether, as Darwin informs us in his Autobiography, the geological books consumed four and a half years steady work, most of the remainder of the ten years that elapsed between the return of the Beagle, and the completion of his geological books being, it is sad to relate, lost through illness!

Concerning the Geological Observations on South America, Darwin wrote to his friend Lyell, as follows: My volume will be about 240 pages, dreadfully dull, yet much condensed. I think whenever you have time to look through it, you will think the collection of facts on the elevation of the land and on the formation of terraces pretty good.

Much condensed is the verdict that everyone must endorse, on rising from the perusal of this remarkable book; but by no means dull. The three and a half years from April 1832 to September 1835, were spent by Darwin in South America, and were devoted to continuous scientific work; the problems he dealt with were either purely geological or those which constitute the borderland between the geological and biological sciences. It is impossible to read the journal which he kept during this time without being impressed by the conviction that it contains all the germs of thought which afterwards developed into the Origin of Species. But it is equally evident that after his return to England, biological speculations gradually began to exercise a more exclusive sway over Darwins mind, and tended to dispossess geology, which during the actual period of the voyage certainly engrossed most of his time and attention. The wonderful series of observations made during those three and a half years in South America could scarcely be done justice to, in the 240 pages devoted to their exposition. That he executed the work of preparing the book on South America in somewhat the manner of a task, is shown by many references in his letters. Writing to Sir Joseph Hooker in 1845, he says, I hope this next summer to finish my South American Geology, then to get out a little Zoology, and hurrah for my species work!

It would seem that the feeling of disappointment, which Darwin so often experienced in comparing a book when completed, with the observations and speculations which had inspired it, was more keenly felt in the case of his volume on South America than any other. To one friend he writes, I have of late been slaving extra hard, to the great discomfiture of wretched digestive organs, at South America, and thank all the fates, I have done three-fourths of it. Writing plain English grows with me more and more difficult, and never attainable. As for your pretending that you will read anything so dull as my pure geological descriptions, lay not such a flattering unction on my soul, for it is incredible. To another friend he writes, You do not know what you threaten when you propose to read it it is purely geological. I said to my brother, You will of course read it, and his answer was, Upon my life, I would sooner even buy it.

In spite of these disparaging remarks, however, we are strongly inclined to believe that this book, despised by its author, and neglected by his contemporaries, will in the end be admitted to be one of Darwins chief tides to fame. It is, perhaps, an unfortunate circumstance that the great success which he attained in biology by the publication of the Origin of Species has, to some extent, over-shadowed the fact that Darwins claims as a geologist, are of the very highest order. It is not too much to say that, had Darwin not been a geologist, the Origin of Species could never have been written by him. But apart from those geological questions, which have an important bearing on biological thought and speculation, such as the proofs of imperfection in the geological record, the relations of the later tertiary faunas to the recent ones in the same areas, and the apparent intermingling of types belonging to distant geological epochs, when we study the palaeontology of remote districts there are other purely geological problems, upon which the contributions made by Darwin are of the very highest value. I believe that the verdict of the historians of science will be that if Darwin had not taken a foremost place among the biologists of this century, his position as a geologist would have been an almost equally commanding one.

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