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John Berryman - Berrymans Shakespeare

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John Berryman Berrymans Shakespeare
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Berrymans Shakespeare: summary, description and annotation

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The work of Shakespeare was Berrymans abiding passion and he devoted a lifetime to writing about it. His extensive writings on the subject have now been collected and edited by John Haffenden and reveal that Berrymans interest in the canon of Shakespeares work was profound and far-reaching. John Berryman, one of Americas most talented and influential modern poets, acquired a reputation as an innovator with a bold literary style. He was also an active, prolific, and perceptive critic whose own experience as a major poet served to his advantage. The New York Times Book Review described him as not only one of the most gifted Americans of his time, but also one of the most honorable and responsible. This perceptive and engaging compilation will be enjoyed by all who share Berrymans passion for Shakespeare.

From Publishers Weekly

Issued in the wake of major books on Shakespeare by Harold Bloom and Helen Vendler, this compendium of admiring, cogent and reflective essays, which have remained uncollected since Berrymans suicide in 1972, testifies to the unusually resilient and enduring value of the Bards oeuvre. A poet known primarily for his sequence poem The Dream Songs (1969), Berryman gave three lecture series on Shakespeare but left his ambitious written projects, including an annotated edition of King Lear and a critical biography, unfinished. Given these circumstances, readers will be grateful for Haffendens extensive introduction, which helpfully contextualizes the bibliographical ambiguities of the extant editions of the plays. The books five sections afford readers an opportunity to examine Berrymans lifelong obsession with Shakespeares characters, imagery, plots and, crucially, the textual puzzles that convinced him that poets make better annotators than editors. The introduction and notes to his edition of Lear are included, as is his correspondence (a letter to his mother illustrates his healthy, wry sense of humor, imagining Shakespeare now merry with wicked joy peeping over Olympus at sorrowful scholars). In essays arranged both chronologically and by individual play, Berryman offers readings of the plays that are not only fresh and immediate but reflect his own literary personae. He identifies prevailing themes, examining in the tragedies both sexual loathing and the Displacement of the King; in The Tempest he notes how often, and with what longing, sleep is invoked. Like the writings of Coleridge and J.V. Cunningham, this is a book that relishes its resources, by a poet-critic who felt Shakespeares language on the pulse.
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

From Library Journal

When one great poet decides to study and write on the work and life of another, magic can occur. Berryman, winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award, conjured some powerful magic with his examination of Shakespeare. Collected and edited by Haffenden (The Life of John Berryman, LJ 12/15/82), these writings, produced from the late 1940s until the poets death in 1972, offer insight into both the works of Shakespeare and the mind of Berryman. Divided into five parts, the book also collects Berrymans biographical studies, eight lectures (most notably Shakespeare at Thirty), eight essays, and his last writing on the Bard, Shakespeares Reality. Public libraries may not want to go beyond Harold Blooms recent Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human (LJ 10/1/98), but Berrymans work should be a required purchase for all academic libraries. It seems destined to become as much a part of Berrymans legacy as his poetry.?Neal Wyatt, Chesterfield Cty. P.L., VA
Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc.

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BY JOHN BERRYMAN

POETRY
Poems (1942)
The Dispossessed (1948)
Homage to Mistress Bradstreet (1956)
77 Dream Songs (1964)
Berrymans Sonnets (1967)
Short Poems (1967)
Homage to Mistress Bradstreet and Other Poems
(Noonday paperback, 1968)
His Toy, His Dream, His Rest (1968)
The Dream Songs (1969)
Love and Fame (1970)
Delusions, etc. (1972)
Henrys Fate and Other Poems (1977)
The Collected Poems, 19371971 (1989)

PROSE
Stephen Crane: A Critical Biography (1962)
Recovery (novel, 1973)
The Freedom of the Poet (essays and stories, 1976)
Shakespeares Reality SOME PROBLEMS POINTS OF ENTRY SHAKESPEARE NO DOUBT is - photo 1
Shakespeares Reality
SOME PROBLEMS: POINTS OF ENTRY
SHAKESPEARE NO DOUBT is incomprehensible, like other things (work and man) out of the usual scale, whether too large (like Dante, Shakespeare, Rembrandt, Beethoven) or too small (like Vermeer, Wordsworth, Thoreau). The natural scientists, too, remain baffled by the ultra-large and the ultra-small; but we may gain some confidence from their growing sense of a significant spectacular relation between those two ends: expressed by F. Hoyle (1955) as ten followed by thirteen zeros, a number which closely resembles (1) the ratio of the electrical force between a proton and an electron to the gravitational force between them, (2) the square root of the number of hydrogen atoms within the Olbers limit, and (3) the ratio of the density in the central region of a supernova to the average density of material in the universe. A layman, though lost here, cannot but be interested. A poet deals with two things, The I and The Other. It may appear, at a glance, that the purely lyric poet deals only with The I and the purely dramatic poet only with The Other, and that any enquiry into Shakespeare, who was bothsublimely both, and both in no apparent relation to each otheris foredoomed. It seems to me, on the contrary, that if we can establish a relation, in him, between his projection of The I and his introjection of The Other, each will appear less mysterious. Admittedly, this looks an ambitious enterprise, and its exposition, alas, has got to be serial, so I begin with some confessions.
Twenty years ago, in a Hodder lecture at Princeton and an article [Shakespeare at Thirty, above] in The Hudson Review, I drew attention to Richard IIIs line Richard loues Richard , that is, I am I. I was not yet in a position to understand this line, either in its expression of The I or in its expression of The Other, but at least I isolated it (and was encouraged, fumhlingly, by Edmund Wilsons surprise at its brilliance). I even applied to it a capital formulation which I did not understand either, calling it an instance of the unique stroking of presentment that drove Coleridge to one of his deepest conceptions, that of an ensouling of experience by meditation. Now if we take ensouling to relate to The Other, as imaginedfrom experience both of the self and of othersby The I in meditation, this seems to me to describe exactly what happens.
The King is in crisis, his unique self-corifidence shaken during the night before the crucial battle, by the eleven frightful apparitions of his victims, even to doubt of who he is. So he gives himself a basal reassurance: at least he loves himself. At the dramatic level, we read this as: at any rate (however others may hate him, and however justly) he loves himselfand Shakespeareans will recall Eliots interpretation of Othello as, in his final speech, cheering himself up (a view foreshadowed, we note, by Dr. Johnsons remark that Shakespeares tragic heroes have yet left, in their end, a miserable conceit). At the metaphysical level, we gloss Richards despair with an opinion of Whiteheads: that as a first approximation the notion of life implies a certain absoluteness of self-enjoyment; this is still available to the King, though Whiteheads other requirements (self-creation, creative advance, aim) are not, and so he is doomed. The philosophical reading, thenhe loves himselfunderlies, is deeper than, the dramatic. This is what we would expect. The poet is reading life, in the person of his shattered monarch in Act V.
The pivoting of the line after its fifth syllable has no parallel at this date, which is not ( pace Chambers) 1592 but 1590. It obliges us to contrast three heavy first words, a strong unit, with the hesitant traipsing that follows. Greene, Peele, Lodge, and the rest were incapable of course of this concision and brooding force. But those qualities, as well as the metrical achievement, are rivalled by Marlowe, several years later, at the climax of Dr. Faustus: See see where Christs blood / / streames in the firmamenta line as resonant Other-ly as Shakespeares inwardly. Having now listened to Professor Erikson, we can say with confidence that what is in question here is an unmas-terable identity crisis, and see that the unprecedented labour of the dramatists accumulation (Richard III is more than half again as long as the non-Shakespearean plays of its period) of an imperturbable andomnipotent ego for Richard, destroying without strain foe upon foe, wooing them even (Anne) into his evil bosom, was undertaken just toward this last-ditch line, where the rocking, unstable, unconvincing, double self-assertion suddenly reverses the process and he goes to pieces. Both in form and conception the line is integral with its play. During the course of our large study of Shakespeares identity crises, we will generally find this to be the case, though not always so centrally.
But my other passage for investigation here at the outset is antithetical: it performs no apparent function in its play, Alls Well that Ends Well . Count Bertram comes to the French court to seek service. The King is old and ill and good-natured:
Youth, thou bearst thy Fathers face,
Franke Nature rather curious then in hast
Hath well composd thee: Thy Fathers morall parts
Maist thou inherit too: Welcome to Paris .
Ber .My thankes and dutie are your Maiesties.
King .I would I had that corporall soundnesse now,
As when thy father, and my selfe, in friendship
First tride our souldiership: he did looke farre
Into the seruice of the time, and was
Discipled of the brauest. He lasted long,
But on vs both did haggish Age steale on,
And wore vs out of act: It much repaires me
To talke of your good father; in his youth
He had the wit, which I can well obserue
To day in our yong Lords: but they may iest
Till their owne scorne returne to them vnnoted
Ere they can hide their leuitie in honour
So like a Courtier: contempt nor bitternesse
Were in his pride, or sharpnesse; if they were,
His equall had awakd them, and his honour
Clocke to it selfe, knew the true minute when
Exception bid him speake: and at this time
His tongue obeyd his hand. Who were below him,
He vsd as creatures of a nigher place,
And bowd his eminent top to their low rankes,
Making them proud of his humilitie,
In their poore praise be-humbled: Such a man
Might be a copie to these yonger times;
Which followed well, would demonstrate them now
But goers backward.
Bertram sounds overwhelmed:

His good remembrance sir
Lies richer in your thoughts then on his tombe:
So in approofe liues not his Epitaph,
As in your royall speech.

The King has not heard:

Would I were with him! He would alwaies say,
(Me thinkes I heare him now) his plausiue words
He scatterd not in eares, but grafted them
To grow there and to beare: Let me not liue,
Thus his good melancholly often began
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