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Mike Duncan - The History of Rome: The Republic

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Mike Duncan The History of Rome: The Republic
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THE ROMAN EMPIRE STANDS as the greatest political achievement in the history of Western civilization. From its humble beginnings as a tiny kingdom in central Italy, Rome grew to envelope the entire Mediterranean until it ruled an empire that stretched from the Atlantic to Syria and from the Sahara to Scotland. Its enduring legacy continues to define the modern world.
Mike Duncan chronicled the rise, triumph, and fall of the Roman Empire in his popular podcast series The History of Rome. Transcripts of the show have been edited and collected here for the first time. Covering episodes 1-46, The History of Rome Volume I opens with the founding of the Roman Kingdom and ends with the breakdown of the Roman Republic. Along the way Rome will steadily grow from local power to regional power to global power. The Romans will triumph over their greatest foreign rivals and then nearly destroy themselves in a series of destructive civil wars. This is the story of the rise of Rome.
Mike Duncan is one of the foremost history podcasters in the world. His award winning series The History of Rome chronologically narrated the entire history of the Roman Empire over 189 weekly episodes. Running from 2007-2012, The History of Rome has generated more than 65 million downloads and remains one of the most popular history podcasts on the internet. The enduring popularity of The History of Rome earned it aniTunes Best of 2015 award and forms the basis for his forthcoming book The Storm Before The Storm: The Beginning of the End of the Roman Republic (Public Affairs Press). Duncan has continued this success with his ongoing series Revolutions which so far has explored the English, American, French, and Haitian Revolutions. Since debuting in September 2013, Revolutions has generated more than 18 million downloads. Thanks to the worldwide popularity of his podcasts, Duncan has led fans on a number of sold-out guided tours of Italy, England and France to visit historic sites from Ancient Rome to the French Revolution. Duncan also collaborates with illustrator Jason Novak on informative cartoons that humorously explain the historical context for current events. Their work has been featured in The New Yorker, The Paris Review, The Awl, and The Morning News. He lives in Madison, Wisconsin.

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The History ofRome
Volume I
The Republic

ByMike Duncan

Editedby Peter D. Campbell

Herodotus Press

www.HerodotusPress.com

First published2016

This edition wasfirst published in 2016

Copyright MikeDuncan 2016

Copyright PeterD Campbell 2016

The moral rightof the author and editor has been asserted

Published byHerodotus Press,

www.HerodotusPress.com

All rightsreserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means,without the express permission in writing by the publisher or author, except incases where brief extracts are cited for the purpose of reviews.

ISBN 978-0-473-36101-3

Electronicedition published in New Zealand.

Contents
Introduction

Hello, and welcome to thetranscripts of The History of Rome

In July 2007, I published the first episode of TheHistory of Rome podcast. My intention was to write a complete narrative historyof the Roman Empire from the arrival of Aeneas in Italy to the abdication ofRomulus Augustulus in AD 476. This was an ambitious project, but for somereason I thought I could do it. I guessed this would take about 75 episodes andbe completed in a year-and-a-half. In reality, I spent the next five yearsworking on the show, eventually producing 189 episodes that ballooned to675,000 words of transcript and 72 hours of audio. Yikes.

What you hold in your hand right now are the editedtranscripts of the series. Peter D Campbell and I have worked hard to change aslittle as possible while making these volumes readable on their own. We havenot revised anything just because Im a better writer now than I was when Istarted. We have not cluttered every chapter with a bunch of CGI nonsense justbecause we can. Han still shot first. Livia still did it.

But if you are reading along while listening to the podcastthere will be a few differences: 1) The intros and outros to each episode areoften re-worded and occasionally eliminated completely. These sections servedas recaps or teasers that worked well for a weekly audio series, but becomeglaringly redundant in a book. Mentions of me taking time off are also omitted.2) Occasionally I wrote a sentence that in retrospect only worked because Iread it in a very specific way. From time to time youll discover the variousclauses of a sentence have been re-ordered to make them not so damn confusing.This is a pretty rare occurrence, but we did change a few along the way 3)Mistakes or inaccuracies are corrected at the point of the mistake. So wheneverI said gotta start this week with a correction that correction will havealready been made in a footnote attached to the inaccurate statement.

Other than that, this is a faithful record of The Historyof Rome. I hope you enjoy reading the series as much as you enjoyedlistening to it. I certainly enjoyed writing it.

Mike Duncan

2015

Chapter 1
In the Beginning

The founding of Rome is an event wrappedin myth. Lacking a credible historical record, it is impossible to know forsure what exactly led to the establishment the Eternal City, but we do know thelegend Romans told themselves and some idea of the population migrations thattook place in central Italy at the time. Taken together we can piece together ageneral time-line of events. There may be truth wrapped up in the officiallegend, and there may not, but it is a good story and an important one to knowboth for understanding Roman history and its historical legacy on the world. Itis the story of a refugee Trojan prince and how hisgreat-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-great-greatgrandsons would be wet-nursed by a she-wolf and later found the greatest cityof the ancient world.

The Exile of Aeneas

The story of Rome begins with theend of the legendary Trojan War. After the Greeks sacked Troy, Aeneas, Hectorschief lieutenant, managed to escape with a few followers. They boarded shipsand set out into the Mediterranean to find a new home. Their odyssey took themfrom Asia Minor to the north coast of Africa where Aeneas sowed the seeds ofthe three Punic wars by seducing the Carthaginian queen Dido and thenabandoning her. Virgil writes that in the final moments before she committedsuicide Dido cursed the descendants of both Carthage and Rome to eternalenmity. The Roman poet Virgil, writing in the first century BC describes thescene in Book IV of the Aeneid:

O my Tyrians,besiege with hate His progeny and all his race to come: Make this your offeringto my dust. No love, no pact must be between our peoples; No, but rise up frommy bones, avenging spirit!

Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned.

After securing an arch-enemy for Rome Aeneas sailed to the west coastof Italy - photo 1
After securing an arch-enemy for Rome, Aeneas sailed to the west coastof Italy where he and his followers hoped to make a settlement. Arriving in theterritory of Laurentum, the Trojans were immediately met by armed locals whotried to drive them off. However, their king, Latinus, decided to make peacerather than war with the foreigners and offered his daughter Lavinia to Aeneas,solidifying an alliance. This marriage came as quite a shock to Turnus, princeof the Rutuli, a nearby tribe, because Lavinia had already been pledged to him.Angered by this slap in the face, he led an attack on the combined Trojan andLatin forces. The Rutuli were defeated, but King Latinus was killed in thefighting, leaving Aeneas in control of both the Trojans and Latins who wererapidly became a single people through intermarriage. Vanquished, Turnus andthe Rutuli looked north to the rich and powerful Etruscans for help. TheEtruscans were more than willing to lend a hand against the growing menace ofthe Trojan infused Latins and attacked. However, Aeneas, in his final act, ledthe Latins to victory, establishing the Tiber River as the boundary between theLatins and the Etruscans.

But who were the Latins, the Rutuli and the Etruscans?Although Roman history begins with the arrival of Aeneas in Italy, he arrivedin a land, which was already divided and had its only complex political units.Who were these people? Where did they come from and what sort of lives did theylead? Where does myth end and history begin?

Humorless Anthropology

The origin of the northern Etruscansis debatable. However, DNA evidence points to a migration from Asia Minor,which, if true, offers a context for the legend of Aeneass arrival from Troy.The Etruscans were the dominant cultural and political force, and came todominate Latin territory in the waning years of the Roman kingdom. They haddeveloped cities and a confederate state system long before the Latins whoremained in traditional tribal affiliations until the foundation of Rome, whichwas the first major settlement in Latin territory that could be called a city.The Etruscans were artists and craftsmen who set up extensive trading networksto Greece. The trading roads between Etruria and the Greek cities of MagnaGraecia in the south ran right through Rome, offering a clue as to the reasonfor the citys location.

The Latins, in contrast, were simple pastoral herdsmen.Evidence from ancient burial mounds suggests the Latins were descended fromBalkan migrants who crossed the Adriatic in pre-history. Mostly shepherds andfarmers, they did not have any sort of advanced arts or crafts. What culturethey displayed seems to be little more than a blend of Etruscan and Greekelements. Indeed nothing about later Roman history suggests the Latins wereinnovative at all in art, religion or letters. They excelled at warfare,engineering and administration, but were merely students of philosophy, neverinstructors. Their gods, to take one obvious example, are little more than anadaption of the Greek pantheon Zeus becoming Jupiter, Hera becoming Juno andso forth. What bound the Latins together was a common language, distinct fromthe Etruscan language to the north and the imported Greek to the south. Latin,of course, forms the basis for half the languages in Europe and whosevocabulary still dominates the legal profession.

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