Sheunopa Chalmers Musukutwa - SAP Enterprise Architecture: A Blueprint for Executing Digital Transformation

SAP Enterprise

Architecture

A Blueprint for Executing

Digital Transformation

Sheunopa Chalmers Musukutwa

SAP Enterprise Architecture: A Blueprint for Executing Digital

Transformation

Sheunopa Chalmers Musukutwa

Johannesburg, South Africa

ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-8574-9

ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-8575-6

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-8575-6

Copyright 2022 by Sheunopa Chalmers Musukutwa

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Printed on acid-free paper

This book is dedicated to the Musukutwa Clanand especially dedicated to Judith, Sheanesu,

Jeremy, Annan and Aretha.

Table of Contents

About the Author xi About the Technical Reviewer xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Chapter 1: Introducing Enterprise Architecture 1

Defining Enterprise Architecture 4

What Is an Enterprise? 6

What Is an Architecture? 7

The Big Picture 8

Core Elements 10

Summary24

Chapter 2: Strategic Enterprise Architecture 25

Alignment 25

Understanding the Role of Business Strategy in Enterprise Architecture 27

Business Strategy, Business Capabilities, and IT Capabilities 30

The Role of the Enterprise Architect in IT and Business Alignment 35

How to Approach IT and Business Alignment 38

Typical Alignment Scenarios 40

Closing Points on IT and Business Alignment 42

Alignment Beyond Business Strategy 43

v

Table of ConTenTs

Developing a Business Case 44

Revisiting the Four Enterprise Domains 47

Summary48

Chapter 3: Developing an Enterprise Architecture 51

The Enterprise Architecture Framework 52

The Framework 54

The People 54

The Framework 55

Architecture Domains 55

Standards 57

View Model 58

The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) 62

When Would You Use TOGAF? 68

The Architecture Vision 69

The People 75

The Architecture 78

Baseline Architecture 78

The Target Architecture 79

Transitional Architectures 81

Business Architecture 82

Data Architecture 84

Conceptual Data Model 85

Logical Data Model 85

Physical Data Model 86

Application Architecture 87

Application Lists 88

Application Diagrams 88

vi

Table of ConTenTs

Application Matrices 88

Interface Lists 89

Business Processes and Applications 89

Infrastructure Architecture 89

Summary91

Chapter 4: Enterprise Architecture and SAP93

SAP and EA: A Brief History 94

The SAP Enterprise Architecture Framework 97

How Can SAP EAF Be Used by SAP Customers? 102

Facilitating Digital Transformation 103

Business StrategyDriven Business and IT Alignment 105

SAP Enterprise Architecture Designer 106

Returning to the Iterative Process 110

Opportunities and Solutions 110

Migration Planning 113

Implementation Governance 114

Architecture Change Management 116

Summary118

Chapter 5: Developing Business Architecture Using SAP

Enterprise Architecture Designer 119

Business Capability Modelling 121

Business Process Modelling 125

Value Flow Notation 126

Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) 127

Importing and Exporting Business Processes with SAP Enterprise Designer 138

Exporting a BPMN Model 138

Summary139

vii

Table of ConTenTs

Chapter 6: Developing Information Architecture Using SAP EAD 141

Conceptual Data Model 142

Entities 143

Attributes (Data Items) 144

Structured Data Types 144

Identifiers (Index) 145

Relationships 145

Inheritances 146

Domains 147

Generating a Physical Data Model 147

Generate a Physical Data Model from an Existing Conceptual Data Model 148

Generating a Physical Data Model from an Existing Database Schema 148

Data Movement Model 150

Creating a New DMM Diagram 150

Reverse-Engineering a FlowGraph File 153

Non-SAP Databases and Data Models 154

Reverse-Engineering an Existing Schema 154

Summary155

Chapter 7: Developing Infrastructure Architecture Using

SAP EAD 157

Application Architecture Modelling 158

Application 159

System Modelling 160

Database 160

ETL Jobs 161

Architecture Areas 161

Components 162

viii

Table of ConTenTs

Service Modelling 162

Business Services 163

Application Services 163

Operations 163

Infrastructure Architecture Modelling 164

Organizational Infrastructure Modelling 165

Site 165

Organizational Unit 167

Infrastructure Architecture Modelling 168

Network 168

Impact and Lineage Analysis 170

Summary171

Chapter 8: Enterprise Architecture Best Practices 173

Best Practices for EA 175