Dorrance - Viscous hypersonic flow : theory of reacting and hypersonic boundary layers

Viscous
Hypersonic
Flow Theory of Reacting and
Hypersonic Boundary Layers William H. Dorrance Dover Publications, Inc.
Mineola, New York Bibliographical Note This Dover edition, first published in 2017, is an unabridged republication of the work originally published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, in 1962. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Dorrance, William H., 1921 Title: Viscous hypersonic flow : theory of reacting and hypersonic boundary layers / William H. Dorrance. Description: Mineola, New York : Dover Publications, Inc., [2017] | This Dover edition, first published in 2017, is an unabridged republication of the work originally published by the McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, in 1962. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017000037| ISBN 9780486812885 | ISBN 048681288X Subjects: LCSH: Boundary layer. | Aerodynamics, Hypersonic. | Gas dynamics. Classification: LCC TL574.B6 D64 2017 | DDC 629.132/306dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017000037 Manufactured in the United States by LSC Communciations 81288X01 2017 www.doverpublications.com

The primary objective of this book is to provide a description of theories for treating the laminar and turbulent boundary layers of reacting gas mixtures. The theories are developed from fundamentals, and all related chemical, thermodynamic, and physical concepts are described so as to make the book a self-contained entity. A secondary objective is to provide for those who are concerned with engineering applications useful equations for calculating heat transfer between reacting gas boundary layers and reacting, melting, sublimating, and otherwise decomposing surfaces.

It is intended that this book serve as a suitable text for an upper-level or graduate course in modern boundary-layer theory. In addition, it is believed that the book can also serve as a suitable reference for those whose training came before the subject matter of this book became of significance. Furthermore, it is believed that the book will serve as a reference and point of departure for those engaged in research in this important area. The book not only contains a thorough description of the theories for treating reacting laminar and turbulent boundary layers but also describes the underlying theories and methods of calculating transport and thermodynamic properties for dilute gas mixtures. Certain useful concepts from thermochemistry are also described in detail. The point of view taken by the author is that of a fundamentalist; that is, an attempt is made to develop all theories presented beginning from the fundamentals.

As such, much is made of the basic physics of interactions between like and unlike particles and the roles these interactions play in determining the transport properties of reacting gas mixtures. The book has the advantage for the reader of presenting the laminar-boundary-layer theory with its many ramifications within the framework of one set of differential equations resulting from a convenient transformation of the conventional statement of the boundary-layer equations. The theory for the reacting turbulent boundary layer is also presented within the framework of one set of boundary-layer equations. Tedious conversions back and forth between transformed equations and the conventional boundary-layer equations are thereby avoided. No loss in generality results, since the effects of chemical reactions, mass transfer, surface melting, shock-wave-boundary-layer interaction, body shape, and pressure gradient are all accounted for without resorting to different transformations for differing boundary conditions. Aspects of kinetic theory, the molecular theory of gases, thermodynamics, physical chemistry, quantum theory, wave mechanics, and statistical mechanics are all briefly described as they relate to the main topic of this book.

Indeed, is devoted to the origin of the boundary-layer equations and their derivation, beginning with the molecular theory of gases. Chapter 9 is devoted to thermodynamics of gas mixtures and the methods of quantum theory, spectroscopic analysis, and statistical mechanics as they are applied to determining thermodynamic properties and equilibrium composition of gas mixtures. Chapter 10 is devoted to transport properties and the role intermolecular forces play in determining them. The book was originally intended to be a portion of a joint venture by Professor Ting Y. Li and the author embracing inviscid-flow theory as well as boundary-layer theory. The study of the flow of reacting gas mixtures burgeoned during the writing of the book, and both authors found they had much more to say than could be included in one book.

Further complications arose because of the 2000 miles separating them. Therefore, it was decided to write two books : the present one on viscous-flow problems and a later book on the inviscid flow of reacting gas mixtures in preparation by Professor Li. It is intended that the two books complement each other and together provide a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to the theory of the flow of reacting gas mixtures. The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance of several colleagues in preparing this book. Professor Ting Y. Mr. Mr.

Robert Lowen was particularly helpful in reading and commenting on Chap. 9. Mr. Merwin Sibulkin undertook the burden of reading the entire first draft and constructively criticizing it. By no means the least contribution was made by Mrs. WILLIAM H. WILLIAM H.

DORRANCE AEROSPACE CORPORATION

1-1. General Considerations. This book is written in an era of greatly accelerated application of the fruits of scientific research to engineering problems. Not the least evident of these applications are those related to the development of space-exploration vehicles and long-range missiles. Early in the development of such devices, problems arose which could be solved only by applying the results of the most advanced research in gas dynamics or, in some cases, by furthering the research in this time-honored field of science. Before engineers can reliably design devices to survive flight through or into an atmosphere at hypersonic speeds, they must somehow provide for, avoid, or otherwise accommodate the enormous heat-transfer rates to the vehicle engendered by such flight speeds. This book deals with the details of some of the theories used to cope with this problem.

In particular, this book is concerned with viscous-gas-flow problems involving reacting gas mixtures. Starting from the statement of the boundary-layer equations for a mixture of gases, the theory is developed for both the laminar and turbulent boundary layers. Solutions for heat transfer to and from two- and three-dimensional shapes are developed taking into account the effects of dissociation of the boundary-layer gas, the effects of chemical reactions other than dissociation, the effects of mass transfer, the effects of a melting surface, and interactions between the boundary-layer gases and the surfaces over which they flow. An effort is made to provide fundamental ideas for the research scientist who wishes to push beyond the present state of this science while also providing some results which can be applied by those engaged in the design of hypersonic vehicles. The book is intended to cover hypersonic and reacting boundary-layer theory only. Those interested in problems of hypersonic inviscid flow and experimental techniques will not find those subjects covered in this book.

Rather, it is intended that the various problems associated with a hot, reacting, compressible boundary layer will be thoroughly treated in the present book.

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